Recycled Titanium Chips as Initial Product for the Atomisation Process of Powders for Additive Manufacturing to Increase Resource Efficiency

Denkena, Berend; Krödel, Alexander; Pyzcak, Florian; Rackel, Marcus Willi; Kettelmann, Simon; Matthies, Jonas

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3936516

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Dziewinska et al [139] provided details on the cleaning of uranium chips and turnings. Denkena et al [140] studied the influence of cutting conditions on chip contamination to increase the recycling rate of titanium chips by investigating and adapting the influence of machining and process parameters on chip quality.…”

Section: Cleaning Chipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the reasons provided to explain the improved tensile strength of CMD-over GA-derived materials was that increased vaporization of the strengthening elements in GA material probably decreased the strength, while additional changes in Zn/Mg/Cu ratios in the alloy could impact the final liquid composition during solidification, leading to a higher tendency for brittle grain boundary phase formation, such as S-phase. Researchers have worked on processing recycling chips into powders for aluminum alloys [124], stainless steel [291], and titanium alloys [140] so that they can be used for additive manufacturing. Wei et al [292] have reviewed ball milling processes for converting machining chips into powders.…”

Section: Powder Metallurgy (Pm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advancements in Material Waste Recycling: Conventional, Direct Conversion, and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

Golvaskar,

Ojo,

Kannan

2024

Recycling

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To improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of fundamental materials including aluminum, stainless steel, superalloys, and titanium alloys, traditional manufacturing techniques have for years been utilized in critical sectors including the aerospace and nuclear industries. However, additive manufacturing has become an efficient and effective means for fabricating these materials with superior mechanical attributes, making it easier to develop complex parts with relative ease compared to conventional processes. The waste generated in additive manufacturing processes are usually in the form of powders, while that of conventional processes come in the form of chips. The current study focuses on the features and uses of various typical recycling methods for traditional and additive manufacturing that are presently utilized to recycle material waste from both processes. Additionally, the main factors impacting the microstructural features and density of the chip-unified components are discussed. Moreover, it recommends a novel approach for recycling chips, while improving the process of development, bonding quality of the chips, microstructure, overall mechanical properties, and fostering sustainable and environmentally friendly engineering.

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Section: Cleaning Chipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder Metallurgy (Pm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Material Waste Recycling: Conventional, Direct Conversion, and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

Golvaskar,

Ojo,

Kannan

2024

Recycling

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“…Furthermore, a large number of chemical and thermodynamic processes occur during the machining process, which interact with each other and can in uence the chip formation process. For example, diffusion processes can cause cutting material as well as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon from the ambient atmosphere or cutting uid to penetrate the titanium chip or the workpiece surface [28,29,30]. Moreover, under high temperatures, aluminum and vanadium diffusion out of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy occurs, as well as oxygen diffusion into the alloy through the oxide layer [31].…”

Section: Williams Et Al Have Investigated the In Uence Of Oxygen On T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of chip formation of Ti-6Al-4V in oxygen-free atmosphere

Denkena¹,

Bergmann²,

Schaper

2022

Preprint

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Titanium and titanium alloys have high strength at low density, good corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the use of titanium materials is well established in high performance applications such as aerospace and biomedical. However, titanium and titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V have low thermal conductivity, exhibit unfavorable chip formation with typical segmented chips, and have high chemical affinity to surrounding elements such as oxygen. Tool wear and the properties of the component surface and sub-surface are significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen and resulting chemical interactions. Among other things, chemical reactions such as oxidation occur due to the high temperatures and presence of oxygen. In this work, the chip formation of Ti-6Al-4V at different cutting speeds in discontinuous orthogonal cutting process under different atmospheres is investigated. A conventional air atmosphere, a pure argon atmosphere, and a silane-doped atmosphere were used. The oxygen content of the silandoped argon atmosphere corresponds to an extremely high vacuum (XHV), which is practically oxygen-free. It was found that chip formation is affected by the surrounding atmosphere. At the cutting speed vc = 80 m/min, non-periodic segmentation is present under oxygen-free atmosphere, while segmental chip formation occurs under air. This is accompanied by up to 16.5% lower feed force under inert gas atmosphere, which is due to reduced friction caused by the use of an oxygen-free atmosphere.

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“…Furthermore, a large number of chemical and thermodynamic processes occur during the cutting process, which interact with each other and can influence the chip formation process. For example, diffusion processes can cause cutting material as well as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon from the ambient atmosphere or cutting fluid to penetrate the titanium chip or the workpiece surface [28][29][30]. Moreover, under high temperatures, aluminum and vanadium diffusion out of the Ti-6Al-4 V alloy occurs, as well as oxygen diffusion into the alloy through the oxide layer [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of chip formation of Ti–6Al–4V in oxygen-free atmosphere

Denkena

Bergmann

Schaper

2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Titanium and titanium alloys have high strength at low density, good corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the use of titanium materials is well established in high-performance applications such as aerospace and biomedical. However, titanium and titanium alloys such as Ti–6Al–4 V have low thermal conductivity, exhibit unfavorable chip formation with typical segmented chips and have high chemical affinity to surrounding elements such as oxygen. Tool wear and the properties of the component surface and sub-surface are significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen and resulting chemical interactions. Among other things, chemical reactions such as oxidation occur due to the high temperatures and presence of oxygen. In this work, the chip formation of Ti–6Al–4 V at different cutting speeds in discontinuous orthogonal cutting process under different atmospheres is investigated. A conventional air atmosphere, a pure argon atmosphere and a silane-doped atmosphere were used. The oxygen content of the silane-doped argon atmosphere corresponds to an extremely high vacuum (XHV), which is practically oxygen-free. It was found that chip formation is affected by the surrounding atmosphere. At the cutting speed vc = 80 m/min, non-periodic segmentation is present under oxygen-free atmosphere, while segmental chip formation occurs under air. This is accompanied by up to 16.5% lower feed force under inert gas atmosphere, which is due to reduced friction caused by the use of an oxygen-free atmosphere.

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Recycled Titanium Chips as Initial Product for the Atomisation Process of Powders for Additive Manufacturing to Increase Resource Efficiency

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Recent Advancements in Material Waste Recycling: Conventional, Direct Conversion, and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

Recent Advancements in Material Waste Recycling: Conventional, Direct Conversion, and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

Investigation of chip formation of Ti-6Al-4V in oxygen-free atmosphere

Investigation of chip formation of Ti–6Al–4V in oxygen-free atmosphere

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