Recycled vertical flow constructed wetland (RVFCW)—a novel method of recycling greywater for irrigation in small communities and households

Gross, Amit; Shmueli, Ofira; Ronen, Zeev; Raveh, Eran

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.006

Cited by 240 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2. Trickle irrigation generated access to adequate oxygenation (Gross et al 2007), and the multi-stage design facilitated the efficient treatment of pollutants at minimal area and cost (Kato et al 2013;Rivas et al 2011). A significant portion of organic matters and ammonia was either consumed or transformed.…”

Section: Cod Nh 4 ? -N and T-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of nitrogen removal performance in pilot-scale multi-stage vermi-biofilter: operating conditions impacts and nitrogen speciation transformation

et al. 2015

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The present work investigates pollutant removal and the transformation of nitrogen from sewage wastewater using a pilot-scale multi-stage bio-vermifilter system. Over a study period of 48 weeks, the pollutant removal performance of the system was measured and the effects of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and dry-wet ratio (D/W) were estimated. The relationship between oxygen transfer rate and load of oxygen necessity was calculated and analysed for system optimisation. The method for diluting the isotope d 15 N-NO 3 -was applied to study nitrogen transfer. Moreover, statistical correlations were analysed to determine the crucial factors which influence nitrogen transfer efficiency. The system removes pollutants efficiently; specifically, the average removal efficiencies are 94.2 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 93.3 % for NH 4 ? -N, and 58.2 % for total nitrogen (T-N). Lowering HLR and D/W can enhance nitrogen removal. Nitrogen speciation and transformation were examined under an optimised condition with an HLR of 0.36 m day -1 and a D/W of 3. The results of isotope d 15 N-NO 3 -dilution showed that NO 3 --N was mainly produced in trickling bio-filter and vermibio-filter (VBF)

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Section: Cod Nh 4 ? -N and T-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of nitrogen removal performance in pilot-scale multi-stage vermi-biofilter: operating conditions impacts and nitrogen speciation transformation

et al. 2015

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“…There are many incentives for using this water resource. At the household-level there are several potential economic incentives that include: reducing the amount of monthly income allocated to purchasing water for irrigation, decreasing the frequency of evacuation of cesspits due to the decreased quantity of household wastewater, decreasing the demand for chemical fertilizers, increasing the overall quantity of water possible for irrigation, and increasing the potential for higher biomass yields in crops (Gross et al 2007;Abu-Madi et al 2010;Alfiya et al 2013). …”

Section: Characteristics and Incentives Of Gray Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle costs of both centralized and decentralized GW treatment are the initial costs of developing sewer systems, restructuring piping to separate GW from other wastewater, and constructing treatment facilities. At the householdlevel, costs of GWTU implementation in the Middle East have been estimated to range from 261 to 600 USD, depending on the type of GWTU, and approximately 39-100 USD annually for maintenance costs over the lifetime of the GWTU (Gross et al 2007;Bino et al 2010). While these costs may seem insignificant they often become a burden for low-income households (Qadir et al 2009).…”

Section: Obstacles To Achieving Widespread Use Of Tgw Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Leas

Dare

Al-Delaimy

2013

AMBIO

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Support for the use of treated gray water as an alternative water resource in the Middle East and North Africa is high, especially given the lack of religious restrictions against its use, but several obstacles have kept application of treated gray water near 1 % in some areas. The largest of obstacles include the cost of treatment and the ambiguity surrounding the health safety of gray water and treated gray water. This paper aims to provide an overview of current gray water practices globally, with specific focus on household-level gray water practices in the Middle East and North Africa region, and highlight the need for cost reduction strategies and epidemiological evidence on the use of household-level gray water and treated gray water. Such actions are likely to increase the application of treated gray water in water-deprived areas of the Middle East and North Africa.

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“…Domestic wastewater can be classified into two categories: (i) Greywater (GW), which is the wastewater generated from activities such as bathing, cooking, dish washing and laundry and (ii) black water (BW), which is the wastewater generated from toilets. Due to substantial difference in their qualities and quantities, separating greywater and black water would ease the treatment process, thereby allowing a large volume of water to be efficiently recycled 6 . A wide range of treatment technologies such as membrane bioreactor (MBR), sequential batch reactor (SBR) and various other physico-chemical and biological treatment methods have been employed to treat greywater 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Greywater Treatment Using Horizontal, Vertical and Hybrid Flow Constructed Wetlands

Ramprasad¹,

Philip²

2018

Current Science

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The performance evaluation of three pilot scale subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CW), i.e. horizontal flow (HFCW), vertical flow (VFCW) and a baffle type-hybrid (HYCW) was studied. The units were continuously fed with greywater and were planted with Phragmites australis. The inflow concentrations of BOD, COD, TSS, NO 3 , TP and FC were in the range of 72-120 mg/l, 216-320 mg/l, 224-320 mg/l 10.3-14.6 mg/l, 2.9-3.8 mg/l and 50-120 CFU/100 ml respectively. The average removal efficiencies of BOD, COD, TSS, TP, TN and FC in HYCW were 95  2%, 96  3%, 98  2%, 92  2%, 98  2% and 98  2% respectively and comparatively more than the other two constructed wetlands.

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Recycled vertical flow constructed wetland (RVFCW)—a novel method of recycling greywater for irrigation in small communities and households

Cited by 240 publications

References 5 publications

Study of nitrogen removal performance in pilot-scale multi-stage vermi-biofilter: operating conditions impacts and nitrogen speciation transformation

Study of nitrogen removal performance in pilot-scale multi-stage vermi-biofilter: operating conditions impacts and nitrogen speciation transformation

Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Greywater Treatment Using Horizontal, Vertical and Hybrid Flow Constructed Wetlands

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