Recycling GTL catalysts—A new challenge

Brumby, Andreas; Verhelst, Michel; Cheret, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.177

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In addition, in the report by Liu et al [177] TEM analysis did not provide any evidence for the formation of CNTs over several hundreds of hours of reaction on the SiC-based catalyst. [193] The chemical inertness of the SiC support also allows easy recovery of the active phase and the support for subsequent reuse, as illustrated in Figure 18. Yu et al [181] suggested that the addition of ZrO 2 could improve the stability of the SiC-based catalysts by avoiding sintering of the cobalt active sites during the FT reaction.…”

Section: Active Phase and Support Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer–Tropsch Reaction on a Thermally Conductive and Reusable Silicon Carbide Support

et al. 2014

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The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, in which synthesis gas (syngas) derived from coal, natural gas, and biomass is converted into synthetic liquid fuels and chemicals, is a strongly exothermic reaction, and thus, a large amount of heat is generated during the reaction that could severely modify the overall selectivity of the process. In this Review, we report the advantages that can be offered by different thermally conductive supports, that is, carbon nanomaterials and silicon carbide, pure or doped with different promoters, for the development of more active and selective FT catalysts. This Review follows a discussion regarding the clear trend in the advantages and drawbacks of these systems in terms of energy efficiency and catalytic performance for this most-demanded catalytic process. It is demonstrated that the use of a support with an appropriate pore size and thermal conductivity is an effective strategy to tune and improve the activity of the catalyst and to improve product selectivity in the FT process. The active phase and the recovery of the support, which also represents a main concern in terms of the large amount of FT catalyst used and the cost of the active cobalt phase, is also discussed within the framework of this Review. It is expected that a thermally conductive support such as β-SiC will not only improve the development of the FT process, but that it will also be part of a new support for different catalytic processes for which high catalytic performance and selectivity are strongly needed.

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Section: Active Phase and Support Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer–Tropsch Reaction on a Thermally Conductive and Reusable Silicon Carbide Support

et al. 2014

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“…F-T reactor technologies are classified as low temperature process (LTFT) or high temperature process (HTFT). LTFT process normally ranges between 200-240 °C while HTFT process ranges between 300-350 °C (e.g., Krishna, et al, 2000b;Krishna, et al, 2001a;Sie and Krishna, 1999;Elbashir and Roberts, 2005 Catalyst role in FTS reaction is discussed good details in several reviews studies (e.g., Brumby, et al, 2005;Dry, 2003). Besides the comparing catalyst efficiency and other economic issues related to process operating costs, H 2 to CO ratio is another important parameter to study.…”

Section: Fischer-tropsch Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brumby (Brumby, et al, 2005) discusses some of the challenges and the economical concerns when considering catalyst recycling strategy. In their paper the demand, supply and prices of the most used catalysts for the oil refining process were given.…”

Section: F-t Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Bao

El‐Halwagi

Elbashir

2010

Fuel Processing Technology

158

103

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Simulation, Integration, and Economic Analysis of Gas-to-Liquid Processes. (December 2008) Buping Bao, B.S., Zhejiang University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Gas-to-liquid (GTL) process involves the chemical conversion of natural gas (or other gas sources) into synthetic crude that can be upgraded and separated into different useful hydrocarbon fractions including liquid transportation fuels. A leading GTL technology is the Fischer Tropsch process. The objective of this work is to provide a techno-economic analysis of the GTL process and to identify optimization and integration opportunities for cost saving and reduction of energy usage and environmental impact. First, a basecase flowsheet is synthesized to include the key processing steps of the plant. Then, computer-aided process simulation is carried out to determine the key mass and energy flows, performance criteria, and equipment specifications. Next, energy and mass integration studies are performed to address the following items: (a) heating and cooling utilities, (b) combined heat and power (process cogeneration), (c) management of process water, (c) optimization of tail-gas allocation, and (d) recovery of catalystsupporting hydrocarbon solvents. Finally, an economic analysis is undertaken to determine the plant capacity needed to achieve the break-even point and to estimate the return on investment for the base-case study. After integration, 884 million $/yr is saved from heat integration, 246 million $/yr from heat cogeneration, and 22 million $/yr from water management. Based on 128,000 barrels per day (BPD) of products, at least 68,000 BPD capacity is needed to keep the process profitable, with the return on investment (ROI) of 5.1%. Compared to 8 $/1000 SCF natural gas, 5 $/1000 SCF price can increase the ROI to 16.2%.

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“…A 100 000 bpd GTL plant employing a 20% cobalt supported catalyst promoted with 0.1% platinum, ruthenium, palladium or rhenium as a promoter would require 500 t of cobalt and 2.5 t of noble metals [74]. Manufacturing this catalyst would represent about 1% of total worldwide annual cobalt production (53 635 t/year in 2005 [75]) and about 1% of worldwide annual production of platinum and palladium (~200-220 t/year for each metal).…”

Section: Performance and Economics Two Criteria In The Design Of Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts with Noble Metals: a Review

Diehl¹,

Khodakov²

2008

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

167

109

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Résumé-Promotion par les métaux nobles de catalyseurs Fischer-Tropsch à base de cobalt : une revue -La synthèse Fischer-Tropsch est une part essentielle du procédé XTL (X-To-Liquids, avec X = Gaz, Biomasse ou Charbon) qui convertit du gaz de synthèse en hydrocarbures pour carburants propres. Les catalyseurs à base de cobalt supportés sur des oxydes inorganiques constituent le meilleur compromis pour la production de paraffines à longues chaînes carbonées et de cires. L'efficacité du procédé FischerTropsch dépend très fortement de la performance du catalyseur à base de cobalt. La promotion de ce catalyseur par des métaux précieux peut très fortement améliorer ses performances. Cet article fait la revue des différents effets des métaux nobles sur la structure et la performance de catalyseurs à base de cobalt. Les impacts sur le coût et l'activité des catalyseurs apparaissent comme des éléments incontournables dans le design de catalyseurs performants pour la synthèse Fischer-Tropsch. (X-To-Liquids, with X = Gas, Biomass or Coal) Abstract -Promotion of Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts with Noble Metals: a Review -FischerTropsch synthesis is a major part of XTL

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Recycling GTL catalysts—A new challenge

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Fischer–Tropsch Reaction on a Thermally Conductive and Reusable Silicon Carbide Support

Fischer–Tropsch Reaction on a Thermally Conductive and Reusable Silicon Carbide Support

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Promotion of Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts with Noble Metals: a Review

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