Recycling mechanisms and policy suggestions for spent electric vehicles' power battery -A case of Beijing

Tang, Yiming; Zhang, Qi; Li, Yaoming; Wang, Ge; Li, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.043

Cited by 165 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the results of this study exclude the environmental impacts of vehicle manufacturing and disposal phases associated with the vehicle life cycle. Moreover, the battery life of BEVs is known to be a limiting factor in the environmental performance of BEVs, as it is shorter than that of the vehicle's life span, requiring replacement before the capacity decreases to 70-80% of the battery's original level over the BEV's life cycle [52,53]. While we did not explicitly consider the impact of battery life for the BEV operation phase, other studies have shown that BEV manufacturing and recycling phases can contribute to 10-23% of the total GHG impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Implications of the National Power Roadmap with Policy Directives for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

et al. 2019

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The environmental impact of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) largely depends on the environmental profile of the national electric power grid that enables their operation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental performance of BEV usage in Korea considering the changes and trajectory of the national power roadmap. We examined the environmental performance using a weighted environmental index, considering eight impact categories. The results showed that the weighted environmental impact of Korea’s national power grid supply would increase overall by 66% from 2015 to 2029 using the plan laid out by the 7th Power Roadmap, and by only 33% from 2017 to 2031 using the 8th Power Roadmap plan. This change reflects the substantial amount of renewables in the more recent power mix plan. In 2016, BEV usage in Korea resulted in emissions reductions of about 37% compared with diesel passenger vehicles, and 41% compared with gasoline vehicles per kilometer driven (100 g CO2e/km versus 158 g and 170 g CO2e/km, respectively) related to transportation sector. By 2030, BEV usage in Korea is expected to achieve a greater emissions reduction of about 53% compared with diesel vehicles and 56% compared with gasoline vehicles. However, trade-offs are also expected because of increased particulate matter (PM) pollution, which we anticipate to increase by 84% compared with 2016 conditions. Despite these projected increases in PM emissions, increased BEV usage in Korea is expected to result in important global and local benefits through reductions of climate-changing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Implications of the National Power Roadmap with Policy Directives for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

et al. 2019

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“…NEV's battery second use in energy storage is a systematic process [3,6,20,28,45]. It relates to several parts, such as battery energy storage station, battery suppliers (new battery provider, old battery provider), new energy power plant, power grid, used battery recyclers, and power users [37,39,41,60,61], as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Research Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), by the end of 2018, China's sales of NEV reached 1,256,000 units, an increase of 61.7% over 2018 (http://www.nea.gov.cn/ 2018-01/24/c_136921015.htm). It estimates that the sales of NEV will reach 2 million by 2020 [3]. At the same time, China's NEV's battery installed capacity is 65 GWh in 2018, an increase of 46% over On the one hand, the commercial value varies depending on the location of battery energy storage in the grid, such as the power generation side, the power distribution side, and the user side [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the Chinese government has issued some policies, to promote the second use of NEV's used batteries. With the support of various policies, more and more companies are beginning to enter the NEV's battery recycling industry, especially the combination of NEV's batteries with electrical energy storage [3,8].According to the literature review, the second use of NEV's battery for energy storage has become an essential aspect of reusing NEV's battery. On the one hand, it can reduce the waste of resources and realize the recycling of battery raw materials, such as lithium and nickel.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Second Use Value of China’s New Energy Vehicle Battery: A View Based on Multi-Scenario Simulation

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, many countries are actively seeking ways to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution. New Energy Vehicle (NEV) has become an important way to solve these problems. With the rapid development of NEV, its batteries need to be replaced with new batteries after 5–8 years. Therefore, whether the second use of NEV’s battery has commercial or social value becomes a research hotspot. The innovation of this paper is to use the cost-benefit method to determine the value influencing factors of NEV’s battery second use, and use system dynamics to perform scenario simulation analysis. The methods used in this paper are the cost-benefit method and system dynamics method. Firstly, this paper systematically analyzes the cost and benefit factors that affect the second use value of China’s NEV batteries and uses system dynamics to establish the relationship and value model among various factors. Then, this paper compares the value of battery energy storage between old batteries and new batteries. According to the cost-income factor analysis, this paper eventually selects specific factors and uses VENSIM software to carry out the multi-scenario simulation. The results show that NEV’s battery second use has commercial and social value compared to new battery energy storage. Moreover, battery cost, government subsidies, and electricity prices are three important factors that affect the second use value of China’s NEV battery. Changing the government’s cash subsidy methods, such as providing free batteries or combining new energy to reduce on-grid tariffs, will help increase the second use value of the NEV battery. In the future, the second use value of China’s NEV battery industry will be more significant, with the update of the technology, the surge in the number of NEV’s used batteries, and government support.

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Degradation Mechanisms of Electrodes Promotes Direct Regeneration of Spent Li‐Ion Batteries: A Review

Jia,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The rapid growth of electric vehicle use is expected to cause a significant environmental problem in the next few years due to the large number of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Recycling spent LIBs wouldn't only alleviate the environmental problems but also address the challenge of limited natural resources shortages. While several hydro‐ and pyrometallurgical processes have been developed for recycling different components of spent batteries, direct regeneration presents clear environmental and economic advantages. The principle of the direct regeneration approach is restoring the electrochemical performance by healing the defective structure of the spent materials. Thus, the development of direct regeneration technology largely depends on the formation mechanism of defects in spent LIBs. This review systematically detailed the degradation mechanisms and types of defects found in diverse cathode materials, graphite anodes, and current collectors during the battery's lifecycle. Building on this understanding, we've outlined principles and methodologies for directly rejuvenating materials within spent LIBs. We also propose the main challenges and solutions for the large‐scale direct regeneration of spent LIBs. Furthermore, this review aims to pave the way for the direct regeneration of materials in discarded lithium‐ion batteries by offering a theoretical foundation and practical guidance.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Recycling mechanisms and policy suggestions for spent electric vehicles' power battery -A case of Beijing

Cited by 165 publications

References 45 publications

Environmental Implications of the National Power Roadmap with Policy Directives for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

Environmental Implications of the National Power Roadmap with Policy Directives for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

Second Use Value of China’s New Energy Vehicle Battery: A View Based on Multi-Scenario Simulation

Degradation Mechanisms of Electrodes Promotes Direct Regeneration of Spent Li‐Ion Batteries: A Review

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