The Mg(OH) 2 @reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite (MGC) was synthesized via a chemical deposition method. Its mesoporous structures and application as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water were investigated. The Mg(OH) 2 nanosheets were formed and dispersed homogeneously onto the surface of rGO sheets, which provided high surface area, pore volume, and uniform pore width distribution. MGC exhibited excellent adsorption behavior for MB.Graphene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possess a unique twodimensional layer structure of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms, and are predicted to have a wide range of functions such as elastic properties, novel electronic properties as a zero-band gap semiconductor, and high electronic conductivity in storing and shuttling electronics. 1-3 It has been demonstrated that rGO incorporated with inorganic materials displays high activity in various applications, such as photocatalysis, and solar cells, etc. 4-7 These advanced functions can be attributed to the interaction between rGO and inorganic materials. [8][9][10][11][12][13] One potential application of rGO is to utilize the surface electrostatic properties of functional groups in rGO to fabricate novel adsorbents for the removal of contaminants in environmental issues. 14,15 It is interesting that rGO can be made use of as an adsorption material for the removal of various contaminants from water. 14,15 The twodimensional network structure of rGO in the micro-scale also provides a workplace for other functional inorganic materials. This feature warrants the assembly of inorganic materials on the microscale structure and the resulting interaction with inorganic materials. 8,13 On the other hand, the existence of inorganic materials will prevent the aggregation of rGO sheets and keep the surface area and pore volume at a high level which is required for applications such as adsorption processes and photocatalysis. 15 The functional groups in rGO surface also can influence the crystalline process of inorganic materials, which have been used to conduct controllable syntheses. The controllable synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles on rGO sheets provided an efficient route for generating novel functional composite materials. 11,12 Ni(OH) 2 particles and/or sheets can be controllably obtained in the synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposite, due to the existence of various rGO sheets. 11,12 As a useful inorganic chemical, the nanostructured Mg(OH) 2 has roused interest and has been synthesized by various methods. 16-26 Superior properties such as waste water treatments and the desulfurization of waste gases have been reported. 16,25,[27][28][29] Due to the environmental friendly property and low expense of Mg(OH) 2 , it will provide an opportunity for developing novel adsorbents by synthesizing the graphene-based Mg (OH) 2 nanocomposites which are expected to possess superior performances. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the fabrication of this kind of nanocomposite. Herein, the Mg(OH...