Recycling of blast-furnace sludge by thermochemical treatment with spent iron(II) chloride solution from steel pickling

Hamann, Christopher; Spanka, Marina; Stolle, Dirk; Auer, Gerhard; Weingart, Eric; Al-Sabbagh, Dominik; Ostermann, Markus; Adam, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123511

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…FeRS sample was provided by Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co., Ltd. (Hunan province, China). To collect the pyrolytic products during FeRS pyrolysis, a vertical fixed-bed reactor was designed [ 11 , 12 ]. In each experiment, ~60 g sample dried at 105 °C was firstly loaded at the bottom of a left stainless tube, and then underwent a temperature ramping process.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, FeRS possesses a certain content oil, therefore the fluidity of FeRS is directly proportional to viscosity and oil content [ 10 ]. Furthermore, the accumulation and storage of FeRS not only occupies vast land resources, but also seriously threaten human health and the ecological environment due to its hazardous characteristics [ 11 , 12 ]. However, the FeRS also contains large amounts of iron resources after removal of harmful substances, e.g., heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pyrolysis Behaviors and Residue Properties of Iron-Rich Rolling Sludge from Steel Smelting

Ye¹,

Li²,

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iron-rich rolling sludge (FeRS) represents a kind of typical solid waste produced in the iron and steel industry, containing a certain amount of oil and large amounts of iron-dominant minerals. Pyrolysis under anaerobic environment can effectively eliminate organics at high temperatures without oxidation of Fe. This paper firstly investigated comprehensively the pyrolysis characteristics of FeRS. The degradation of organics in FeRS mainly occurred before 400 °C. The activation energy for pyrolysis of FeRS was extremely low, ca. 5.44 kJ/mol. The effects of pyrolytic temperature, atmosphere, heating rate, and stirring on pyrolysis characteristics were conducted. Commonly, the yield of solid residues maintained around 85 wt.%, with approximately 13 wt.% oil and 2 wt.% gas. Due to the low yield of oil and gas, their further utilization remains difficult despite CO2 introduction which could upgrade their quality. The solid residues after pyrolysis exhibited porous properties with co-existence of micropores and mesopores. Combined with the high content of zero-valent iron, magnetic property, hydrophobic characteristic, and low density, the solid residues could be further utilized for water pollution control and soil remediation. Moreover, the solid residues were suitable for sintering to recover valuable iron resources. However, the solid residues also contained certain heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, which might cause secondary pollution during their utilization. In particular, the toxic Cr possessed high content, which should be treated with detoxification and removal. This paper provides fundamental information for pyrolysis of FeRS and utilization of solid residues.

show abstract

Section: Materials and Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Behaviors and Residue Properties of Iron-Rich Rolling Sludge from Steel Smelting

Ye¹,

Li²,

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The direct discharge of HPWL will cause not only waste of a large amount of resources but also serious, irreversible pollution of the ecological environment and water environment. Thereby, some researchers and technologists have exerted a large amount of effort to find novel and efficient methods for HPWL treatment and disposal and resource treatment and utilization, e.g., distillation, − high temperature roasting/pyrohydrolysis, , crystallization, , solvent extraction, − electrolysis, − ion-exchange/acid-retardation methods, electrodialysis/membrane separation/diffusion dialysis, ,− a microwave-hydrothermal method, selective carbochlorination, adsorption, neutralization/precipitation, flocculant production for water treatment, − iron pigment production, ferrite production, , nanosized iron oxide production, − Fe 3 O 4 magnetic powder production, − and schwertmannite@akaganeite core/shell nanostructure production …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Leaching Toxicity of Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Sludge Generated from the Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Industry

Zhang

Shu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Steel hydrochloric acid pickling sludge (SHPS), containing the heavy metals Fe, Zn, and Ni and a high chloride salt content, is considered a type of hazardous solid waste because of its potential harm to human health and the environment. In addition, the SHPS yield is large, but the main treatment currently used is only safe for landfills. Although studying the composition and leaching toxicity of SHPS is of great importance, only a small amount of related literature is available. This paper can help compensate for this deficiency. SHPS is analyzed from the aspects of its formation mechanism, pH, moisture content, elemental concentration, phase composition, microstructure, and leaching toxicity. The results show that its pH ranges from 2.25 to 11.11, and the moisture content ranges from 45.47% to 83.34%. Additionally, the concentration of Fe is the highest, with values from 29.80% to 50.65%, while other alkali metal elements, namely, Ca, K, and Na, have values of 0.36% to 23.07%, 0.02% to 19.82%, and 0.38% to 3.31%, respectively. Heavy metal elements, namely, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Pb, have values of 0.02% to 14.88%, 0.001% to 0.05%, 0.03% to 0.38%, 0.01% to 0.09%, and 0.02% to 0.19%, respectively. Anions, namely, SO 4 2– , Cl – , F – , and NO 3 – , have contents of 0.09% to 0.34%, 0.54% to 5.73%, 0.001% to 0.04%, and 0.01% to 0.15%, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that Fe and Zn are mainly present in oxides, Ca is present as CaO and CaCO 3 , and chlorine is present in NaCl. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the microscopic structure consists mainly of bright and fluffy irregular spheres; stripes; flakes; and dark, very small irregular particles. The leaching toxicity test based on HJ/T 299-2007 (China) was performed, where SHPS samples were treated with a mixed solution of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and pure water (pH = 3.20 ± 0.05) at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1 for a period of 18 h. The leachate was filtered and analyzed for Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, etc. The leaching results indicate that Zn and Ni are the main elements that cause SHPS to be hazardous to the environment. These research results can provide a reference for later researchers studying the effective treatment of SHPS, such as more effective treatments for reducing toxicity and resource utilization.

show abstract

“…It is widely used as a fertilizer in Colombia, 37 with low environmental risk and similar cost to magnetite at $280−310 per ton, 1,12,38 compared to $830 per ton (€720) for zinc chloride. 39 While calcium nitrate has been proposed as a dense medium for fine coal beneficiation, 40−42 to date, only calcium chloride solutions have been used on an industrial scale, 43 and there is no study on its use as a dense media for the beneficiation of lump coal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wet coal beneficiation in Colombia is prohibitive due to the high cost and scarcity of commonly used dense media. The practical value of this study is that it demonstrates for the first time that a common fertilizer, calcium nitrate, can be used in the beneficiation of low-grade Colombian coals. Three high-ash low-grade Colombian coals (Valle, Cundinamarca, and Antioquia) commonly used in Colombian sugar mill stoker furnaces were tested. Coal mineralogy and prevalence were analyzed before and after washing using mineral liberation analysis. The swelling potential of the coals was assessed using a novel application of thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) and an ash fusion oven (AFO). Calcium nitrate reduced ash levels across all size fractions, even for highash coals like Valle (29% to below 7%) to acceptable levels for coke manufacturing or pulverized fuel combustion. The novel use of TMA and AFO to analyze coal swelling demonstrated that swelling varies under constrained and unconstrained conditions and the small sample size allows for rapid testing of coal swelling. This study has demonstrated that the use of common fertilizers can allow beneficiation to become a processing option for low-grade coals in Official Development Assistance countries where conventional dense media is prohibitively expensive.

show abstract

Recycling of blast-furnace sludge by thermochemical treatment with spent iron(II) chloride solution from steel pickling

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Pyrolysis Behaviors and Residue Properties of Iron-Rich Rolling Sludge from Steel Smelting

Pyrolysis Behaviors and Residue Properties of Iron-Rich Rolling Sludge from Steel Smelting

Composition and Leaching Toxicity of Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Sludge Generated from the Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Industry

Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About