Recycling of mine tailings for the geopolymers production: A systematic review

Qaidi‏, Shaker; Tayeh, Bassam A.; Zeyad, Abdullah M.; Azevedo, Afonso Rangel Garcez de; Ahmed, Hemn Unis; Emad, Wael

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00933

Cited by 98 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Concrete is one of the world's most popular and widely-used construction materials [1][2][3]. Every year, around 12 billion tons of concrete are produced worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening of concrete made with recycled waste PET fine plastic aggregate

et al. 2022

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In recent decades, several studies have considered the use of plastic waste as a partial substitute for aggregate in green concrete. Such concrete has been limited to non-structural applications due to its low strength. This raises whether such concrete can be enhanced for use in some structural applications. This paper reports an attempt to develop a structural-grade concrete containing plastic waste aggregate with high proportions of substitution and confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics. Experimental research was conducted involving the casting and testing 54 plain and confined concrete cylinders. A concrete mixture was designed in which the fine aggregate was partially replaced by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastic at ratios of 0%, 25%, and 50%, and with different w/c ratios of 0.40, 0.45, and 0.55. The results show that confinement has a substantial positive effect on the compressive behavior of PET concrete. The enhancement efficiency increases by 8–190%, with higher enhancement levels for higher substitution ratios. Adding one layer of CFRP fabric raises the ultimate strength of samples that have lost compressive strength to a level close to that of unconfined samples not containing PET. This confinement is accompanied by an increase in the slope of the stress-strain curve and greater axial and lateral strain values at failure. For the specimens confined by CFRP fabric, PET aggregate can be used as a partial substitute for sand at a replacement ratio of up to 50% by volume for structural applications. This paper also considers the ability of existing models to predict the strength of confined-PET concrete circular cross-sections by comparing model predictions with experimental results. The strength of confined PET concrete elements can’t be accurately predicted by any of the models that are already out there. It’s important to come up with a new model for these elements.

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“…Concrete is one of the world's most popular and widely-used construction materials [1][2][3]. Every year, around 12 billion tons of concrete are produced worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening of concrete made with recycled waste PET fine plastic aggregate

et al. 2022

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“…In an alkaline activator, amorphous SiO 2 is more dissolvable (reactive) than crystal SiO 2 . The use of low-cost inert filler, binders, and recycled, as well as natural, aggregates for the production of geopolymers has been reviewed [ 13 ]; for instance, Kuenzel et al [ 14 ] studied the effect of sand on the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer. They concluded that adding sand to the geopolymer reduces the paste’s viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Methods for Modeling the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar

et al. 2022

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In recent years, geopolymer has been developed as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) because of the significant carbon dioxide emissions produced by the cement manufacturing industry. A wide range of source binder materials has been used to prepare geopolymers; however, fly ash (FA) is the most used binder material for creating geopolymer concrete due to its low cost, wide availability, and increased potential for geopolymer preparation. In this paper, 247 experimental datasets were obtained from the literature to develop multiscale models to predict fly-ash-based geopolymer mortar compressive strength (CS). In the modeling process, thirteen different input model parameters were considered to estimate the CS of fly-ash-based geopolymer mortar. The collected data contained various mix proportions and different curing ages (1 to 28 days), as well as different curing temperatures. The CS of all types of cementitious composites, including geopolymer mortars, is one of the most important properties; thus, developing a credible model for forecasting CS has become a priority. Therefore, in this study, three different models, namely, linear regression (LR), multinominal logistic regression (MLR), and nonlinear regression (NLR) were developed to predict the CS of geopolymer mortar. The proposed models were then evaluated using different statistical assessments, including the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), scatter index (SI), objective function value (OBJ), and mean absolute error (MAE). It was found that the NLR model performed better than the LR and MLR models. For the NLR model, R2, RMSE, SI, and OBJ were 0.933, 4.294 MPa, 0.138, 4.209, respectively. The SI value of NLR was 44 and 41% lower than the LR and MLR models’ SI values, respectively. From the sensitivity analysis result, the most effective parameters for predicting CS of geopolymer mortar were the SiO2 percentage of the FA and the alkaline liquid-to-binder ratio of the mixture.

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“…Geopolymerization is a new technology that is currently being studied, where this process can convert the tailings or dumps into a new raw material that will be supplied for the construction of infrastructure such as roads and highways [6,58,86] This technique is economically viable if the transporting costs incurred by customers of mine waste are kept to a minimum. This procedure can be used to recover several types of tailings, mainly: copper (binder materials, bricks and roadconstruction materials), iron (binder materials, bricks and backfills for building foundations), phosphate (binder materials), among other applications [87].…”

Section: Future Perspectives Of Mine Tailing Remediation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Strategies of Mine Tailing, with Environmental, Safety, Technical and Materials Considerations

Araujo¹,

Llano²,

Fantucci³

et al. 2022

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Mining is an important industry that provides products and services through infrastructure systems worldwide. However, the global development promotes the steady growth and accelerated demand for minerals, resulting in the accumulation of hazardous waste in land, sea and air environments and, consequently a series of environmental and health problems. Restoration techniques from mining tailing have become increasingly discussed among scholars due to their potential to offer benefits over reducing tailings levels, thereby reducing environmental pressure for the correct management and adding value to previously discarded waste. This review paper critically explores available literature on the main techniques of mining tailing recycling, and discusses leading recycling technologies, including the advantages and drawbacks, as well as future perspectives. The findings of this review contribute as a reference for scholars as well as support for decisionmakers concerning the related environmental issues.

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Recycling of mine tailings for the geopolymers production: A systematic review

Cited by 98 publications

References 175 publications

Investigation of the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening of concrete made with recycled waste PET fine plastic aggregate

Investigation of the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening of concrete made with recycled waste PET fine plastic aggregate

Statistical Methods for Modeling the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar

Recycling Strategies of Mine Tailing, with Environmental, Safety, Technical and Materials Considerations

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