Recycling of Organic Wastes through Composting: Process Performance and Compost Application in Agriculture

Sayara, Tahseen; Basheer-Salimia, Rezq; Hawamde, Fatina; Sánchez, Antoni

doi:10.3390/agronomy10111838

Cited by 225 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…The overall composition of MSW dictates how the waste can be recycled. Organic waste can be utilized for production of compost as cheap fertilizer, while plastic and non-perishable waste can be recycled and reused (Ayilara et al 2020 ; Sayara et al 2020 ). Waste management becomes more efficient when it can cover the maximum area within a community.…”

Section: Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and municipal solid waste (MSW) management: a review

Das

Islam

Billah

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) represents an inevitable by-product of human activity and a major crisis for communities across the globe. In recent times, the recycling of MSW has drawn attention as the process can add value through resources from the recovered waste materials and facilitates the process of circular economy. However, during the unprecedented coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the risk of infection with the highly contagious virus has proven detrimental to the continuation of MSW as a valuable resource. The volume of waste, especially household waste, is higher; face masks, PPE (personal protective equipment), and hazardous materials such as batteries and empty chlorine bottles are examples of extra waste that have arisen during the pandemic. Various countries have set up initiatives for MSW management, including safety measurements for employees in the MSW management sector. The use of disinfectant prior to sorting waste, as well as storing waste for 9 days, may help to inactivate the COVID-19 virus, ensuring an appropriate safety level for MSW management. This work aimed at studying different MSW management strategies, specific challenges, and possible solutions for better understanding for those involved in waste management, in addition to providing a possible management strategy during and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Graphical abstract

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Section: Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and municipal solid waste (MSW) management: a review

Das

Islam

Billah

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Composting process is the most popular and applied technique for the treatment of organic wastes from varying origin, comprising from animal manures to municipal and industrial wastes, and including agricultural harvesting residues [1,2]. Today, the interest in this practice has been widely applied since it is known to provide multiple benefits to soils, especially in agricultural ones (depleted in organic matter, subjected to severe erosion and water scarcity problems), besides having relevance as carbon sequestration agent [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Composting Process in Maize Biomass Revealed by Analytical Pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and Pyrolysis Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (Py-CSIA)

et al. 2021

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An innovative approach based on the combination of analytical pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) with compound-specific isotope analysis (Py-CSIA) is used to study the composting process of maize biomass. This multidisciplinary approach aims to elucidate the decomposition rate of the main biogenic materials (lignin, cellulose, proteins, lipids, and waxes) responses to the composting process. According to Py-GC/MS data/structural composition, a noticeable and significant decrease during the first stage of the composting process of carbohydrates and aromatic compounds is found, followed by a gradual increase of all compounds till the end of the experiment. This trend, along with an increase of fatty acids methyl-ester at the first composting stage, sustains the microbial activity and its stabilization over time. Py-CSIA data showed a significant enrichment in 13C in all identified compounds over time, supporting the semi-quantitative results and the decomposition of initial biomass throughout the composting process. This trend is also perceptible in lignin moieties, long-chain aliphatic structures, and isoprenoids, as highly recalcitrant compounds, presumably due to depolymerization and carbon translocation of side-chain molecules during the composting process. Compound-specific isotope values showed a good correlation with the bulk isotope data, and this served as validation of the technique. However, bulk values showed higher heterogeneity because those represent an average of all organic compounds in the sample. By combining isotopic and structural information using Py-GC/MS and Py-CSIA, we are able to provide further information and a more detailed approach to the study of the decomposition process of biomass by considering the diverse dynamics of the main biogenic compounds.

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“…This gives a total of 1.16 × 10 10 t yr −1 , with forestry and industry wastes further adding to this total. Crop residues and manures are the main sources of untreated or composted wastes applied to soils [131]. Other wastes require pre-treatment, by an increasing range of methods, including composting, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and gasification [132].…”

Section: Use Of Organic Wastes For Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of soils in provision of energy

Smith

Farmer

Smith

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Soils have both direct and indirect impacts on available energy, but energy provision, in itself, has direct and indirect impacts on soils. Burning peats provides only approximately 0.02% of global energy supply yet emits approximately 0.7–0.8% of carbon losses from land-use change and forestry (LUCF). Bioenergy crops provide approximately 0.3% of energy supply and occupy approximately 0.2–0.6% of harvested area. Increased bioenergy demand is likely to encourage switching from forests and pastures to rotational energy cropping, resulting in soil carbon loss. However, with protective policies, incorporation of residues from energy provision could sequester approximately 0.4% of LUCF carbon losses. All organic wastes available in 2018 could provide approximately 10% of global energy supply, but at a cost to soils of approximately 5% of LUCF carbon losses; not using manures avoids soil degradation but reduces energy provision to approximately 9%. Wind farms, hydroelectric solar and geothermal schemes provide approximately 3.66% of energy supply and occupy less than approximately 0.3% of harvested area, but if sited on peatlands could result in carbon losses that exceed reductions in fossil fuel emissions. To ensure renewable energy provision does not damage our soils, comprehensive policies and management guidelines are needed that (i) avoid peats, (ii) avoid converting permanent land uses (such as perennial grassland or forestry) to energy cropping, and (iii) return residues remaining from energy conversion processes to the soil. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

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Recycling of Organic Wastes through Composting: Process Performance and Compost Application in Agriculture

Cited by 225 publications

References 191 publications

COVID-19 and municipal solid waste (MSW) management: a review

COVID-19 and municipal solid waste (MSW) management: a review

Evolution of Composting Process in Maize Biomass Revealed by Analytical Pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and Pyrolysis Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (Py-CSIA)

The role of soils in provision of energy

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