Recycling of rubber wastes by devulcanization

Asaro, Lucía; Gratton, Michel; Seghar, Saïd; Hocine, Nourredine Aït

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.02.016

Cited by 242 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…One of the most serious environmental problems facing society today is the accumulation of a great quantity of used tires in landfill sites, and the increasing automotive production over the years is continuously aggravating it [1]. Recycling and recovering used tires can be considered reasonable strategies to solve this concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, dedicated efforts have been put forth to convert GTR into other added value products with improved performance [1]. Research concerning the incorporation of GTR in natural rubber (NR) demonstrated that good tensile strength and abrasion resistance were maintained, especially when using up to 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of smaller size GTR [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giving a Second Opportunity to Tire Waste: An Alternative Path for the Development of Sustainable Self-Healing Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Compounds Overcoming the Magic Triangle of Tires

et al. 2019

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Current regulations demand tires with long lifetime and reduced fuel consumption without sacrificing car safety. However, tire technology still needs to reach a suitable balance between these three indicators. Here, we address them by developing a self-healing tire compound using styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) as the matrix and reclaimed tire waste as the sustainable filler. The addition of ground tire rubber (GTR) to the matrix simultaneously improved the rolling resistance and maintained both wet grip and healing ability. We provide an in-depth analysis of the healing behavior of the material at a scale close to the relevant molecular processes through a systematic dynamic-mechanical and dielectric analysis. We found that SBR and SBR/GTR compounds show a complete recovery of stiffness and relaxation dynamics after being damaged by cyclic deformation, resulting in a heterogeneous repaired rubber network. This new development could well overcome the so-called magic triangle of tires, which is certainly one of the key objectives of the tire industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giving a Second Opportunity to Tire Waste: An Alternative Path for the Development of Sustainable Self-Healing Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Compounds Overcoming the Magic Triangle of Tires

et al. 2019

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“…The reuse of vulcanized rubbers is currently one of the main drawbacks in the recycling area, as consequence of chemical crosslinking between macromolecular chains, which hinder melting and reprocessing [6,7]. Therefore, the final destination of vulcanized waste has been one of the main problems facing humanity, as its degradation occurs slowly, not only due to crosslinkings, but also due to stabilizers and other additives, making it difficult to be reused and heading to environmental damage when discarded [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSM applied to PS/SBRr/SEBS Blends. Proper tool for maximized properties

Luna

Ferreira

Siqueira

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Reusing rubber waste from footwear industry emerges as great practise in order to reduce environmental damage on natural ecosystems. Based on this target, the present work aimed to apply the response surface methodology (RSM) to polystyrene/styrene-butadiene PS/SBRr blends compatibilized with styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS). A mixture planning was applied to PS/SBRr/SEBS blends in order to investigate mechanical and thermomechanical behaviors as response variables. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of investigated blends, which were melt extruded in a corrotational twin screw extruder and specimens were injection moulded. High impact strength, toughness, elongation at break and thermal deflection temperature (HDT) were achieved at SEBS rich region (∼10%). At PS rich region, tensile strength, Shore D hardness and Vicat softening temperature (VST) were more expressive. Related to morphological character, blends with 10% SEBS presented the highest interfacial adhesion, with high level of plastic deformation. Gathered results show that depending on the composition, properties significantly change, being RSM a proper tool to preview trends on mechanical and thermomechanical properties. In general, PS/SBRr/SEBS blends may be properly used as packaging and building applications.Danilo Diniz Siqueira https:/ /orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-513X Renate Maria Ramos Wellen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-7366

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“…Among the most-studied methods, the ultrasound method uses ultrasound waves to produce cavitation in the rubber, which generates tensions that are able to break the chemical bonds [3,5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Another de-vulcanization method based on the action of microwaves presents some advantages that make it one of the most promising for the recycling of rubber [2][3][4]13,15,[18][19][20][21][22], including its physical nature, the volumetric heating of the material by the microwaves, and the possibility of high productivity [23].The aging of elastomers can be defined as the degradation process produced by the interaction between a material and an environment, modifying their structure and properties (i.e., mechanical, electrical, chemical, and/or thermal). It is a complex chemical process that occurs under the influence of heat, oxygen, light, ozone, and mechanical tension, and it results in time-dependent modifications of the chemical and physical properties [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of UV-Accelerated Aging Process on Industrial Waste Containing EPDM

et al. 2019

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One of the most efficient ways to recycle elastomeric residues from industrial processes is to incorporate them into compositions. The study of these new compositions is interesting in terms of reducing cost, the consumption of raw materials, and the generation of new waste, working towards sustainable development. Thus, this research aimed to produce and characterize elastomeric blends containing one phase comprised of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) industrial waste aged by the action of ultraviolet radiation (UV) in a UV chamber, and the other comprised of raw EPDM, containing different concentrations of residue. Therefore, the mechanical properties and the vulcanization characteristics of the blends containing different concentrations of EPDM residue-aged and un-aged-were analyzed and compared to the properties of a standard formulation (Control). The results showed that the aging of the waste for a period of 156 h did not trigger a severe degradation process. Additionally, its reuse into new compositions promoted improvements of the studied mechanical properties without compromising the vulcanization characteristics due to the higher molecular stiffness of the samples. This procedure can be used to lower costs, but only small amounts of residue can be incorporated into raw rubber without altering the material properties, due to the weak interaction of vulcanized rubber with raw rubber [1,2,5]. Some methods aim to improve this interaction by de-vulcanization. Among the most-studied methods, the ultrasound method uses ultrasound waves to produce cavitation in the rubber, which generates tensions that are able to break the chemical bonds [3,5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Another de-vulcanization method based on the action of microwaves presents some advantages that make it one of the most promising for the recycling of rubber [2][3][4]13,15,[18][19][20][21][22], including its physical nature, the volumetric heating of the material by the microwaves, and the possibility of high productivity [23].The aging of elastomers can be defined as the degradation process produced by the interaction between a material and an environment, modifying their structure and properties (i.e., mechanical, electrical, chemical, and/or thermal). It is a complex chemical process that occurs under the influence of heat, oxygen, light, ozone, and mechanical tension, and it results in time-dependent modifications of the chemical and physical properties [24]. In elastomeric compositions, the term "aging" is related to molecular scission, which results in smaller chains, a larger number of chain terminals, and/or cross-link formation, which generates a strong linked network structure [16]. UV radiation is one of the most effective means for the degradation of organic materials through photo-oxidation. This radiation causes irreversible chemical modifications that affect the mechanical properties of materials. UV degradation can make materials brittle, lose resistance, and induce color change, affecting the lifetime of ma...

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Recycling of rubber wastes by devulcanization

Cited by 242 publications

References 79 publications

Giving a Second Opportunity to Tire Waste: An Alternative Path for the Development of Sustainable Self-Healing Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Compounds Overcoming the Magic Triangle of Tires

Giving a Second Opportunity to Tire Waste: An Alternative Path for the Development of Sustainable Self-Healing Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Compounds Overcoming the Magic Triangle of Tires

RSM applied to PS/SBRr/SEBS Blends. Proper tool for maximized properties

The Influence of UV-Accelerated Aging Process on Industrial Waste Containing EPDM

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