Recycling of Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Bottles by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Recovery of Pure Nanospindle-Shaped Terephthalic Acid

Singh, Sukhwinder; Sharma, Shelja; Mehta, Shalina; Bhatti, Manpreet S.; Kansal, Sushil Kumar

doi:10.1166/jnn.2018.15363

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Crystallization temperature drop in the tank should be preferably within 30 to 50 °C [ 192 ]. After crystallization, the recovery of TPA was a nanospindle-shaped crystal [ 193 ], but this size is smaller than that of typical TPA size (100 μm).…”

Section: Factor For Recycling Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

2021

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The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) application has many challenges and potential due to its sustainability. The conventional PET degradation was developed for several technologies to get higher yield products of ethylene glycol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) and terephthalic acid. The chemical recycling of PET is reviewed, such as pyrolysis, hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis, ionic-liquid, phase-transfer catalysis and combination of glycolysis–hydrolysis, glycolysis–methanolysis and methanolysis–hydrolysis. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics and reaction conditions were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The recycling of PET is to solve environmental problems and find another source of raw material for petrochemical products and energy.

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Section: Factor For Recycling Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

2021

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“…Plastic waste, especially classic food packaging, is rapidly imposing a serious environmental problem around the globe [1]. In 2014, more than 7.5 million tons of plastic wastes were reported to be recycled [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in biodegradable polymers and nanocomposite-based packaging materials for sustainable environment

Wróblewska-Krepsztul

Rydzkowski

Borowski

et al. 2018

International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization

276

105

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Plastics based materials are frequently used in packaging and can be seen universally in both the developed and developing societies. At present, most of the currently used food packaging materials are non-degradable and are creating serious environmental problems. New technologies are being explored and developed to study the complex interaction between the food packaging materials and food. For example, nanocomposite of cellulose constitute environmentally friendly packaging, which is easily recycled by combustion and requires low power consumption in production. There are several such biodegradable materials which are available at a low price, have good mechanical properties and allow disposal in the soil. This is advantageous because biological degradation produces only carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic compounds to name a few. It has also been discovered that biodegradable plastics made of such materials can be disposed of together with organic waste. The widespread use of biopolymers in place of standard plastics would help to reduce the weight of waste. Therefore, biodegradable materials take part in the natural cycle "from nature to nature" and play an important role for environmental sustainability. So in this article, we briefly summarizes the different characteristic of biodegradable polymers being used in food packaging applications.

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“…Plastic waste is a serious environmental problem on a global scale. Packaging materials for food products constitute a significant part of plastic waste [1,2]. Currently, efforts are made to reduce the amount of this waste by replacing petrochemical polymers by easily degradable polymer materials obtained from biorenewable sources (such as alginate, cellulose, chitosan, collagen carrageenan, corn zein, soy, starches).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Polyester Materials Containing Gallates

Latos‐Brozio

Masek

2020

Polymers

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Gallates are widely used as antioxidants in the food and cosmetics industries. The purpose of the study was to obtain pro-ecological materials based on biodegradable polyesters, such as polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and gallates. Gallates (ethyl, propyl, octyl, and lauryl) have not been used so far in biodegradable polymers as stabilizers and indicators of aging. This manuscript examines the properties of gallates such as antioxidant capacity and thermal stability. This paper also presents the following analyses of polymer materials: specific migration of gallates from polymers, SEM microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction, mechanical properties, surface free energy, and determination of change of color after controlled UV exposure, thermooxidation, and weathering. All gallates showed strong antioxidant properties and good thermal stability. Due to these properties, in particular their high oxidation temperature, gallates can be successfully used as polyester stabilizers. Biodegradable polyesters containing gallates can be an environmentally friendly alternative to petrochemical packaging materials.Increasing attention is being paid to the fact that, besides polymer matrices, also processing additives should be environmentally and consumer-friendly, especially those for food packaging and medical applications materials. Plant-based substances are more and more commonly proposed as pro-ecological stabilizers for polymeric materials, dyes, antibacterial/antifungal agents, freshness indicators of packaged food products, as well as indicators of the life time of polymers [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The combination of biodegradable polyesters with substances of plant origin and their derivatives can allow to obtain a new generation of polymeric materials that will be fully degradable and safe for consumers [19,20].The aim of study was obtained pro-ecological, biodegradable polyester materials containing gallates. Chemically, gallates are alkyl esters of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, the naturally occurring gallic acid. Gallic acid is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in the plant kingdom. It has been isolated from different plants such as oaks and pomegranates. Due to its free-radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, gallic acid and its derivatives, such as lauryl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, tetradecyl gallate, and hexadecyl gallate, can inhibit oxidation and rancidity in oils and fats [21][22][23][24][25][26].Gallates are antioxidants used as preservatives in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In industry, synthetic derivatives of gallic acid, i.e., propyl gallate (E310), octyl gallate (E311), and dodecyl (lauryl) gallate (E312), are commonly used [27,28].In this manuscript, gallates were used as environmentally and consumer-friendly stabilizers to control the lifetime of biodegradable polyesters. Such an application has not been described in the literature so far and is a scientific novelty. It seems that the pr...

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Recycling of Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Bottles by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Recovery of Pure Nanospindle-Shaped Terephthalic Acid

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

Recent progress in biodegradable polymers and nanocomposite-based packaging materials for sustainable environment

Biodegradable Polyester Materials Containing Gallates

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