Recycling Used Nd‐Fe‐B Sintered Magnets via a Hydrogen‐Based Route to Produce Anisotropic, Resin Bonded Magnets

Gutfleisch, Oliver; Güth, K.; Woodcock, T.G.; Schultz, L.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201200337

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This demonstrates the suitability of powders derived from sintered magnets for anisotropic magnet development, as has been suggested by others. 11 Fig . 4 shows the verification of the uniformity in the magnetic properties of the extruded filament.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets

et al. 2018

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Recycling of rare earth elements, such as Sm and Nd, is one technique towards mitigating long-term supply and cost concerns for materials and devices that depend on these elements. In this work recycled Sm-Co powder recovered from industrial grinding swarfs, or waste material from magnet processing, was investigated for use in preparation of filament for 3D printing of bonded magnets. Recycled Sm-Co powder recovered from swarfs was blended into polylactic acid (PLA). Up to 20 vol.% of the recycled Sm-Co in PLA was extruded at 160°C to produce a filament. It was demonstrated that no degradation of magnetic properties occurred due to the preparation or extrusion of the bonded magnet material. Good uniformity of the magnetic properties is exhibited throughout the filament, with the material first extruded being the exception. The material does exhibit some magnetic anisotropy, allowing for the possibility of the development of anisotropic filaments. This work provides a path forward for producing recycled magnetic filament for 3D printing of permanent magnets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets

et al. 2018

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“…Li et al [46,78,79] studied the influence of particle distribution and hydrogenation conditions, and found that (1) the oxygen content decreases rapidly as particle size distribution increases and (2) higher H 2 pressure during hydrogenation results in decreasing oxygen content. Both Sheridan et al [80] and Gutfleisch et al [81] used a higher processing pressure during disproportionation and avoided subsequent oxygen exposure by performing both the v-HD and s-DR processes in the same furnace. They showed that anisotropic resin-bonded magnets could be produced by recycling Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets using a combined d-HDDR (dynamic HDDR) route.…”

Section: Recycling Via Hydrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The separation and production of RE metal using electrolysis was first studied by Kobayashi et al [52,80,81] using molten fluoride (LiF-CaF 2 -NdF 3 ) and an iron group (RE-IG) alloy diaphragm. Waste containing RE was used as the anode, and REs were anodically dissolved by molten salt electrolysis as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Electrolysis Using Molten Salt and Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of High-Temperature Recovery of Rare Earth (Nd/Dy) from Magnet Waste

Firdaus

Rhamdhani

Durandet

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

108

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Rare-earth metals, particularly neodymium, dysprosium, and praseodymium are becoming increasingly important in the transition to a green economy due to their essential role in permanent magnet applications such as in electric motors and generators. With the increasingly limited rare-earth supply and complexity of processing Nd, Dy, and Pr from primary ores, recycling of rare-earth based magnets has become a necessary option to manage supply and demand. Depending on the form of the starting material (sludge or scrap), there are different routes that can be used to recover neodymium from secondary sources, ranging from hydrometallurgical (based on its primary production process), electrochemical to pyrometallurgical. Pyrometallurgical routes provide solution in cases where water is scarce and generation of waste is to be limited. This paper presents a systematic review of previous studies on the high-temperature (pyrometallurgical) recovery of rare earths from magnets. The features and conditions at which the recycling processes had been studied are mapped and evaluated technically. The review also highlights the reaction mechanisms, behaviors of the rare-earth elements, and the formation of intermediate compounds in high-temperature recycling processes. Recommendations for further scientific research to enable the development of recovery of the rare-earth and magnet recycling are also presented.

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“…Kwon [5] studied on recycling sintered magnet scrap to prepare bonded magnet powders by adding several rare earth oxide and fluoride after HD process. Gutfleisch [6] showed that anisotropic resin bonded magnets could be produced by recycling Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets using a combined HD and d-HDDR route. Périgo [7] employed the HDDR process to recycle N42 sintered magnets for isotropic powders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of scrap sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets as anisotropic bonded magnets via hydrogen decrepitation process

Yue

Liu

et al. 2014

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The scrap sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were recycled as the raw materials for bonded magnets using the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The HD powders have the lowest oxygen and hydrogen content by hydrogenation at 150°C with 1 bar H 2 pressure and dehydrogenation at 600°C. The powders with the largest particle size ([380 lm) bear the best magnetic properties (B r = 110.59 emu/g, H cj = 9005.80 Oe). The magnetic properties of the resulting bonded magnet prepared from the above powders were B r = 7.02 kGs, H cj = 4.56 kOe, (BH) max = 7.13 MGOe.

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Recycling Used Nd‐Fe‐B Sintered Magnets via a Hydrogen‐Based Route to Produce Anisotropic, Resin Bonded Magnets

Cited by 70 publications

References 30 publications

Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets

Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets

Review of High-Temperature Recovery of Rare Earth (Nd/Dy) from Magnet Waste

Recycling of scrap sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets as anisotropic bonded magnets via hydrogen decrepitation process

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