Red Card for Pathogens: Phytoalexins in Sorghum and Maize

Poloni, Alana; Schirawski, Jan

doi:10.3390/molecules19079114

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(158 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Specialized herbivores may detoxify the aglycones [67][68][69] and even use them for their own benefit [33]. The best known of the BXs is DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), which has been implicated in resistance against insect pests, as well as a number of pathogens [70]. The concentrations of BXs are typically higher in younger plants [71], and can be released in the rhizosphere [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root signals that mediate mutualistic interactions in the rhizosphere

Rasmann

Turlings

2016

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A recent boom in research on belowground ecology is rapidly revealing a multitude of fascinating interactions, in particular in the rhizosphere. Many of these interactions are mediated by photo-assimilates that are excreted by plant roots. Root exudates are not mere waste products, but serve numerous functions to control abiotic and biotic processes. These functions range from changing the chemical and physical properties of the soil, inhibiting the growth of competing plants, combatting herbivores, and regulating the microbial community. Particularly intriguing are root-released compounds that have evolved to serve mutualistic interactions with soil-dwelling organisms. These mutually beneficial plant-mediated signals are not only of fundamental ecological interest, but also exceedingly important from an agronomical perspective. Here, we attempt to provide an overview of the plant-produced compounds that have so far been implicated in mutualistic interactions. We propose that these mutualistic signals may have evolved from chemical defenses and we point out that they can be (mis)used by specialized pathogens and herbivores. We speculate that many more signals and interactions remain to be uncovered and that a good understanding of the mechanisms and ecological implications can be the basis for exploitation and manipulation of the signals for crop improvement and protection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root signals that mediate mutualistic interactions in the rhizosphere

Rasmann

Turlings

2016

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plants can enhance the rhizosphere environment (e.g., Peters et al, 1986;Besserer et al, 2006;Neal et al, 2012;Poloni & Schirawski, 2014), in order to attract soil microbes that can enhance plant growth by providing soluble inorganic nutrients and producing growth-promoting factors (Vanrhijn & Vanderleyden, 1995;Arshad & Frankenberger, 1998;Compant et al, 2005;Weisskopf et al, 2005;Bulgarelli et al, 2013). As for aboveground parts of plant system, we can, therefore, speculate that mutualistic interactions favoring plant vigor could also indirectly enhance the production of root exudates, including root-derived VOCs released after herbivore damage, and thus attracting more herbivore natural enemies.…”

Section: Soil Microbes Increase Plant Vigormentioning

confidence: 99%

Root symbionts: Powerful drivers of plant above‐ and belowground indirect defenses

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal fungi, nonmycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above-and belowground herbivores. Plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds (i.e., indirect defenses). In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root-and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these multifaceted interactions.

show abstract

“…Plant-microbe interactions involve a series of exchange of chemicals for signal perception, transduction, and metabolic responses. During pathogen infection, plant cells detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which lead to the production of specialized metabolites such as phytoalexins to combat the pathogen invasion ( Lin et al, 2014 ; Poloni and Schirawski, 2014 ; Arbona and Gomez-Cadenas, 2016 ). Past studies have also demonstrated that reprograming of the primary metabolic pathways contributes to the plant defense against pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics of Early Stage Plant Cell–Microbe Interaction Using Stable Isotope Labeling

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metabolomics has been used in unraveling metabolites that play essential roles in plant–microbe (including pathogen) interactions. However, the problem of profiling a plant metabolome with potential contaminating metabolites from the coexisting microbes has been largely ignored. To address this problem, we implemented an effective stable isotope labeling approach, where the metabolome of a plant bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 was labeled with heavy isotopes. The labeled bacterial cells were incubated with Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal peels (EPs) with guard cells, and excessive bacterial cells were subsequently removed from the plant tissues by washing. The plant metabolites were characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using multiple reactions monitoring, which can differentiate plant and bacterial metabolites. Targeted metabolomic analysis suggested that Pst DC3000 infection may modulate stomatal movement by reprograming plant signaling and primary metabolic pathways. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the utility of this strategy in differentiation of the plant and microbe metabolomes, and it has broad applications in studying metabolic interactions between microbes and other organisms.

show abstract

Red Card for Pathogens: Phytoalexins in Sorghum and Maize

Cited by 46 publications

References 102 publications

Root signals that mediate mutualistic interactions in the rhizosphere

Root signals that mediate mutualistic interactions in the rhizosphere

Root symbionts: Powerful drivers of plant above‐ and belowground indirect defenses

Metabolomics of Early Stage Plant Cell–Microbe Interaction Using Stable Isotope Labeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About