Red for Romance, Blue for Memory

Jung, Ilyung; Kim, Myung Shik; Han, Kyung Eun

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22098-2_57

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Across the three empirical questions examined, and in line with the overall trend in the literature, we expected that red cues would lead to higher attractiveness ratings than blue (Buechner et al, 2016;Elliot & Niesta, 2008Jung et al, 2011;Roberts et al, 2010;Wen et al, 2014), and that such effects would be most pronounced for males rating females rather than for same-sex judgments or females rating males.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

“…This experiment explored three novel phenomena regarding the nature of red-attraction effects: the effect of prior color exposure, the effect of color-face pairing on ratings made after a delay, and the impact of objective awareness of color-face pairing. Each of these represents a novel extension to the basic red-attraction effect reported elsewhere (Buechner et al, 2015;Elliot & Niesta, 2008;Elliot et al, 2010;Guéguen, 2012a;Jung et al, 2011;Lin, 2014;Pazda et al, 2012Pazda et al, , 2014Roberts et al, 2010;cf. Elliot & Maier, 2013;Hesslinger et al, 2015;Lynn et al, 2013;Seibt, 2015; see also Francis, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Empirical research supports the existence of a psychological link between the color red and attraction. When red appears on the face, apparel, or in the background of a target, that person is rated by members of the opposite sex as more attractive than opposite-sex faces presented with other color cues (Buechner, Maier, Lichtenfeld, & Elliot, 2015;Elliot & Niesta, 2008;Elliot et al, 2010;Elliot, Tracy, Pazda, & Beall, 2013;Guéguen, 2012a;Jung, Kim, & Han, 2011;Lin, 2014;Pazda, Elliot, & Greitemeyer, 2012, 2014Roberts, Owen, & Havlicek, 2010;cf. Elliot & Maier, 2013;Hesslinger, Goldbach, & Carbon, 2015;Lynn, Giebelhausen, Garcia, Li, & Patumanon, 2013;Seibt, 2015; see also Francis, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Romantic Red: Testing the Characteristics of Color–Attraction Effects in a Novel Paradigm

Williams

Schofield

Whitford

2017

Collabra: Psychology

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The red-attraction effect refers to the finding that the color red enhances attractiveness ratings of targets, and is most robustly observed when males rate females. Three previously unexplored aspects of color-attraction effects were tested in a single experiment with a large sample size (N = 778). The effect of exposure to a color and the impact of pairing a color with a target were disentangled using a novel design. Moreover, we tested the proposition that color exerts its effects outside of awareness by examining the association of conscious awareness of color-target pairing with the red-attraction effect. Both prior exposure to red and pairing of red with a target influenced attractiveness ratings, but not always in the direction of increased attractiveness. Results also varied as a function of target and participant sex. However, when conscious awareness of target-color pairing was higher, results converged with the typically-observed red-attraction effect among males rating females.

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supporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Romantic Red: Testing the Characteristics of Color–Attraction Effects in a Novel Paradigm

Williams

Schofield

Whitford

2017

Collabra: Psychology

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“…Other researchers successfully replicated the red effect by using additional chromatic controls and cognitive tasks (e.g., verbal reasoning, working memory, attentional interference, detection, creativity, and language proficiency; Buiks, 2013;Gnambs, Appel, & Batinic, 2010;Houtman & Notebaert, 2013;Hulshof, 2013;Ioan et al, 2007;Jung, Kim, & Han, 2011;Maier et al, 2008, Thorstenson, submitted;Yamazaki & Eto, 2011). Also within a Chinese sample, red has been shown to undermine the intellectual performance of students (Shi, Zhang, & Jiang, in press).…”

Section: Color In the Achievement Context In Humans 12mentioning

confidence: 96%

Color in achievement contexts in humans

Meier¹,

Hill²,

Elliot³

et al. 2015

Handbook of Color Psychology

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Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. lightness, chroma, and hue. In this chapter we focus on the hue dimension, primarily on red, blue, and green, since experimental work has focused on these colors. Whilst the other two attributes are also crucial in color research, we do not highlight their significance in this chapter since lightness and chroma were (mostly) held constant across hue conditions in the research Research on nonhuman primates in competitive encounters indicates that red displays and other threat-relevant cues prompt avoidance by conspecifics, as indicated by submission and appeasement gestures and actions (Gerald, Waitt, & Little, 2008;Setchell & Wickings, 2005). In humans, encountering a negative object, event, or possibility, including the possibility of failure, is known to automatically evoke a motivational tendency to avoid that object, event, or possibility (Bargh & Chartrand, 1999;Cacioppo, Gardner, & Berntson, 1999). In addition, research has demonstrated that avoidance motivation in achievement settings evokes anxiety, task distraction, and a number of self-protective processes (e.g., disidentification, selfhandicapping; Birney, Burdick, & Teevan, 1969;Elliot & Church, 2003;Elliot & McGregor, 1999;Hembree, 1988;Osborne, 1995;Zuckerman, Kieffer, & Knee, 1998) that negatively influence performance on tasks requiring flexible mental manipulation (i.e., tasks commonly encountered at school and work). Accordingly, viewing red in an achievement context is posited to impair performance attainment because it evokes avoidance, which in turn, is inimical to performance. The activation, operation, and influence of avoidance motivation in this hypothesized red effect is thought to take place outside of conscious awareness; that is, it acts in an implicit rather than explicit fashion (see Friedman & Förster, 2010).Researchers have begun to explore such red associations in different variants of achievement situations, such as sporting contests, exam-like situations, and competence evaluations within impression formation scenarios. In the remainder of the chapter we provide an overview of empirical work on the effects of red on sport performance, cognitive mechanisms, behavioral processes, and psychophysiological activity in evaluative contexts. Red in evaluative contexts Red in sporting contextsExploring premise 2 and 4 of the CIC theory, several studies have investigated whether color has a psychological impact that influences performance and outcomes in sports. This work was ...

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“…To fill this need, we performed a study comparing players using a red avatar to players using a blue avatar, inside an educational game of our own creation. Although there is some question to whether, in the context of a sporting event, the color red is affecting the wearer, the opponents, or the referees, past work has consistently shown that red reduces mood, affect and performance in cognitiveoriented tasks [16,47,49,22,11,32,44,64,41]. For example, Lichtenfeld et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of Avatar Color on Game Experience in Educational Games

Kao

Harrell

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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The color red has been shown to hinder performance, motivation, and affect in a variety of contexts involving cognitively demanding tasks [16, 47, 49, 22, 11, 32, 44, 64, 41]. Teams wearing red have been shown to impair the performance of opposing teams [7, 28, 57, 21], present even in online gaming [27]. Although color is strongly contextual (e.g., red-failure association), its effects are posited to be subconscious [15] and operate powerfully even on nonhuman primates, e.g., Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) take food significantly less often from an experimenter wearing red [39]. Here, we present one of the first studies on avatar color in a single-player game. We compared players using a red avatar to players using a blue avatar. Using the Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) [26], we find that players using a red avatar had a decrease in competence, immersion and flow. Our results are of consequence to how we design and choose colors in single-player contexts.

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Red for Romance, Blue for Memory

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Romantic Red: Testing the Characteristics of Color–Attraction Effects in a Novel Paradigm

Romantic Red: Testing the Characteristics of Color–Attraction Effects in a Novel Paradigm

Color in achievement contexts in humans

Exploring the Impact of Avatar Color on Game Experience in Educational Games

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