2017
DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001385
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Red meat consumption and cardiovascular target organ damage (from the Strong Heart Study)

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether red meat consumption is related to changes in left ventricular mass (LVM), left atrial diameter and carotid atherosclerosis in American Indians. Methods We prospectively analyzed echocardiographic and carotid ultrasound data of 1090 adults aged 40 years and older enrolled in the Strong Heart Family Study who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline – 535 (49%) were hypertensive and 555 (51%) participants were nonhypertensive. Processed and unp… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…These studies were relatively small (n < 1100) and performed in Australian women 23 , Finnish men 24 , 25 or Spanish men and women 27 . However, our result does not support findings of other previous studies, performed in Canada 16 , the U.S. 17 , 19 , 22 and Korea 15 , 20 showing associations with increased atherosclerosis. In general, in most of the previous studies, the exposure assessment was limited to the intake of specific food items rich in saturated fat—dairy products, meat or eggs 15 , 19 , 20 , 22 25 , 27 —which may not capture the overall intake of saturated fats.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These studies were relatively small (n < 1100) and performed in Australian women 23 , Finnish men 24 , 25 or Spanish men and women 27 . However, our result does not support findings of other previous studies, performed in Canada 16 , the U.S. 17 , 19 , 22 and Korea 15 , 20 showing associations with increased atherosclerosis. In general, in most of the previous studies, the exposure assessment was limited to the intake of specific food items rich in saturated fat—dairy products, meat or eggs 15 , 19 , 20 , 22 25 , 27 —which may not capture the overall intake of saturated fats.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…However, our result does not support findings of other previous studies, performed in Canada 16 , the U.S. 17 , 19 , 22 and Korea 15 , 20 showing associations with increased atherosclerosis. In general, in most of the previous studies, the exposure assessment was limited to the intake of specific food items rich in saturated fat—dairy products, meat or eggs 15 , 19 , 20 , 22 25 , 27 —which may not capture the overall intake of saturated fats. However, in the Canadian 16 and U.S. 17 studies, the total intake of saturated fat (g/day) in relation to C-IMT was considered.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, participants who skipped more than 10% of questions on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (n=39) or with caloric intakes less than 600 kilocalories for women and men (n=49), or greater than 6,000 kilocalories for women (n=56) or 8,000 kilocalories for men (n=34) were excluded. The exclusion cut-points for low or high estimated daily caloric intake were determined by nutritionists who work in American Indian communities, and these criteria have been used consistently across all SHFS publications that involve diet measures (15)(16)(17)(18). Finally, participants missing key covariates of interest (<1% of study participants for most covariates) were excluded.…”
Section: Setting and Study Populationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The association with consumption of foods high in saturated fat with the incidence of ASCVD has been demonstrated experimentally, first by the studies of Ignatowski [42] in 1908 and subsequently, by other studies [43][44][45]. In addition, the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increased BP caused by the high salt content of processed meat contribute to the increased incidence of CVD and CHD [65]. Processed meat contains also nitrites, which are converted in the bowel into nitrosamines, which have a toxic effect on the pancreatic β-cells, and in addition, it contains advanced glycation and lipooxydation end products, that have diabetogenic effects.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Stroke: Besides its association with ASCVD, red meat consumption and especially processed meat has also, been associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke [20,[30][31][32]. The increased incidence of stroke with the consumption of processed red meat is a direct consequence of ASCVD, hypertension, and T2D, which have been shown to be increased with the high consumption of processed red meat which is high in saturated fats and salt [61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%