Red meat consumption and risk for dyslipidaemia and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sun, Le; Yuan, Jialin; Chen, Qiu-Cen; Xiao, Wen-Kang; Ma, Guiping; Liang, Jia-Hua; Chen, Xiaokun; Wang, Song; Zhou, Xiaolei; Wu, Hui; Hong, Chuang-Xiong

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.996467

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…We found that triglycerides in seven lipoprotein subclasses (very small VLDL, IDL, large LDL, LDL, medium LDL, small LDL, and very large HDL) were positively associated with both red meat consumption and IHD mortality. Our findings are consistent with previous intervention studies that continuous consumption of red meat, such as pork and beef, affected plasma triglyceride levels [25,26]. Triglycerides are major components of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Exploration of Metabolic Biomarkers Linking Red Meat Consumption to Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in the UK Biobank

2023

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Growing evidence suggests that red meat consumption is a risk factor for cardiovascular health, with potential sex disparity. The metabolic mechanisms have not been fully understood. Using the UK Biobank, first we examined the associations of unprocessed red meat and processed meat with ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality overall and by sex using logistic regression. Then, we examined the overall and sex-specific associations of red meat consumption with metabolites using multivariable regression, as well as the associations of selected metabolites with IHD mortality using logistic regression. We further selected metabolic biomarkers that are linked to both red meat consumption and IHD, with concordant directions. Unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption was associated with higher IHD mortality overall and in men. Thirteen metabolites were associated with both unprocessed red meat and IHD mortality overall and showed a consistent direction, including triglycerides in different lipoproteins, phospholipids in very small very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), docosahexaenoic acid, tyrosine, creatinine, glucose, and glycoprotein acetyls. Ten metabolites related to triglycerides and VLDL were positively associated with both unprocessed red meat consumption and IHD mortality in men, but not in women. Processed meat consumption showed similar results with unprocessed red meat. Triglycerides in lipoproteins, fatty acids, and some nonlipid metabolites may play a role linking meat consumption to IHD. Triglycerides and VLDL-related lipid metabolism may contribute to the sex-specific associations. Sex differences should be considered in dietary recommendations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Exploration of Metabolic Biomarkers Linking Red Meat Consumption to Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in the UK Biobank

2023

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“…One cut of meat may be considered leaner than another; according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 3.5oz or 100g of lean meat, such as a cut of top sirloin steak or chicken breast without the skin, contains less than 10g of total fat, 4.5g of saturated fat and 95mg of cholesterol. A systematic review and meta-analysis which investigated 20 randomized control trials with a total of 1001 adults showed that increased red meat consumption resulted in increased serum lipid concentrations but ultimately had no significant effects on hs-CRP (Sun et al, 2022). However, excessive consumption of red meats high in saturated fatty acids may disrupt lipid metabolism, which can lead to increased secretion of CRP or hs-CRP (Saltiel and Olefsky, 2017;Sun et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic review and meta-analysis which investigated 20 randomized control trials with a total of 1001 adults showed that increased red meat consumption resulted in increased serum lipid concentrations but ultimately had no significant effects on hs-CRP (Sun et al, 2022). However, excessive consumption of red meats high in saturated fatty acids may disrupt lipid metabolism, which can lead to increased secretion of CRP or hs-CRP (Saltiel and Olefsky, 2017;Sun et al, 2022). Additionally, increased lipid metabolism disruption may lead to oxidative stress, which can further induce inflammation (Leroy and Cofnas, 2020;Sun et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Protein Types and hs-CRP on eGFR

Dispensa,

Andrade

2023

UFJUR

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Few studies have measured the relationship between protein types and inflammation on kidney function among US adults. The objective was to identify the relationship between protein types (animal, dairy, plant, seafood) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A cross-sectional secondary analysis using NHANES 2017-2018 data was performed on 4252 adults with an eGFR of >15 ml/min/1.73m2. At least one 24-hour recall was used to categorize the protein type. Descriptives, frequencies, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regressions were conducted using SPSS v28 with a significance of p<0.05. Participants were mostly female (50.1%), had a mean age of 50.1 years, and self-identified as non-Hispanic White (36.5%). A majority consumed animal and dairy products compared to seafood and plant products. A negative association was observed between consumption of plant proteins and inflammation on eGFR (p<0.05). In the adjusted regression model, non-Hispanic Black race had a positive influence on eGFR, while female and age had negative influences on eGFR (p < 0.001). Reduced consumption of plant proteins with elevated inflammation can decline kidney function. Future studies should focus on frequency and amount of proteins consumed and inflammation to reduce the progression of chronic diseases such as kidney disease.

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“…Differences in dietary habits of AA and whites are important risk factors for diabetes. Certain dietary behaviors, such as a high intake of red meat, have been associated with Type II diabetes and increased TG levels [108,109]. Since dietary patterns were not assessed, we are unable to say that the variance in the TG levels between the two groups was not due to a difference in their diet.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 92%

Vitamin D/Bone Mineral Density and Triglyceride Paradoxes Seen in African Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study and Review of the Literature

Stevens,

Jain

2024

IJMS

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Vitamin D is known to have a positive effect on bone health. Despite the greater frequency of vitamin D deficiency in African Americans (AA), they have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared to whites, demonstrating a disconnect between BMD and vitamin D levels in AA. Another intriguing relationship seen in AA is the triglyceride (TG) paradox, an unusual phenomenon in which a normal TG status is observed even when patients house conditions known to be characterized by high TG levels, such as Type II diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined whether these two paradoxical relationships exist simultaneously in AA subjects with Type II diabetes. In this study, we compared levels of blood markers, including HbA1c, TG, and vitamin D, measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VD] µM/mL, [25(OH)VD]/TG, calcium, and BMD in AA (n = 56) and white (n = 26) subjects with Type II diabetes to see whether these relationships exist concurrently. We found that AA subjects had significantly lower TG and [25(OH)VD] levels and a significantly higher BMD status compared to white subjects, even when the ages, BMI, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and calcium levels were similar between the two groups. This demonstrates that these two paradoxical relationships exist simultaneously in Type II diabetic AA subjects. In addition to these findings, we discuss the current hypotheses in the literature that attempt to explain why these two intriguing relationships exist. This review also discusses four novel hypotheses, such as altered circulating levels and the potential role of estrogen and hydrogen sulfide on BMD and HMG-CoA reductase as a possible contributor to the TG paradox in AA subjects. This manuscript demonstrates that there are still many unanswered questions regarding these two paradoxical relationships and further research is needed to determine why they exist and how they can be implemented to improve healthcare.

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Red meat consumption and risk for dyslipidaemia and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 81 publications

Exploration of Metabolic Biomarkers Linking Red Meat Consumption to Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in the UK Biobank

Exploration of Metabolic Biomarkers Linking Red Meat Consumption to Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in the UK Biobank

Relationship Between Protein Types and hs-CRP on eGFR

Vitamin D/Bone Mineral Density and Triglyceride Paradoxes Seen in African Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study and Review of the Literature

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