Red Phosphorus Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Bubble‐Carbon Nanotube Network for Highly Stable and Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

A nitrogen‐doped carbon bubble‐carbon nanotube@red phosphorus (N‐CBCNT@rP) network composite is fabricated, featuring an rP film embedded in a highly N‐doped CBCNT network with hierarchical pores of different sizes and interior void spaces. Highly N‐doped CBCNT with an optimized structure is utilized to achieve an ultrahigh rP content of 53 wt% in the N‐CBCNT@rP composite by the NP bond, which shows a record rP content for rP‐carbon composites by the vaporization–condensation process. When tested as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the N‐CBCNT@rP composite exhibits an ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency of 87.5%, high specific capacity, outstanding rate performance, and superior cycling stability at a high current density (capacity decay of 0.011% per cycle over 1500 cycles at 5 A g−1), which is the lowest capacity fading rate of those previously reported for rP‐based electrodes. The superior lithium‐ion storage performance of the N‐CBCNT@rP composite electrode is primarily attributed to its structure. The 3D hierarchical conducting network of the N‐CBCNT@rP composite with abundant N−P bonds endows the entire electrode with maximized conductivity for superior ion and electron transfer kinetics. Moreover, N‐CBCNT networks with hierarchical pores of different sizes can fix the location of rP, prevent agglomeration, and avoid volume expansion of rP.

Synergistic Engineering of Heterointerface and Architecture in New‐Type ZnS/Sn Heterostructures In Situ Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Toward High‐Efficient Lithium‐Ion Storage

“…Specifically, the isotherm curves of the ZnS/Sn@NPC coincide with the typical type‐IV adsorption/desorption isotherm with a type H4 hysteresis loop in Figure S10a,b (Supporting Information), which is attributed to the presence of microporous and mesoporous structures. [ 20 ] Besides, the specific surface area of the ZnS/Sn@NPC (215 m 2 g −1 ) is much higher than that of the ZnS@NC (186 m 2 g −1 in Figure S10c,d, Supporting Information), highly associated with the 3D hierarchical interconnected porous architecture of the ZnS/Sn@NPC sample. Such an advantageous structure, can provide plenty of electrochemically active sites, and bring about good electrolyte infiltration through facilitating fast electronic/ionic mobility.…”

Hoya-like Hierarchical Porous Architecture as Multifunctional Phosphorus Anode for Superior Lithium–Sodium Storage

“…Cyclic voltammetry (CV) test was conducted to expound the lithiation/delithiation reactions of the DCNM@RP anode within a potential window of 0.01–3 V, as shown in Figure a. In the initial cathodic curve, there was an irreversible broad peak detected at about 0.9 V, which can be assigned to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film caused by the electrolyte decomposition. , Two cathodic peaks at 0.2 and 0.5 V were indexed to the continuous lithiation process of RP (Li + P→ Li x P, x = 1–3), whereas the reversible anodic peak at 1.32 V was associated with the delithiation process of Li x P compounds. , In the subsequent cycles, the major anodic and cathodic peaks were concentrated at 1.29 and 0.64 V, respectively, reflecting the high electrochemical stability of the DCNM@RP anode. The initial five galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of the DCNM@RP are shown in Figure b, in which the voltage plateaus agree well with the CV results.…”

Phosphorus‐Based Anodes for Fast Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities

“…are used as P holders, and high-energy ball milling or vaporization condensation methods were used to obtain uniformly mixed P/carbon composites at microscale. [70][71][72] The carbon matrix constructs an electronic conductive network, which significantly enhances the electrical conductivity of P (especially RP), and nanosized P reduces the charge transfer resistance in the electrolyte/P interface and P/carbon matrix. Moreover, these carbonaceous materials with high specific surface areas can offer extra space to accommodate the volume expansion of P during lithiation.…”