Redistribution, Growth, and Inclusion: The Development of the Urban Housing System in China, 1949-2015

Deng, Wei; Elsinga, Marja

doi:10.4236/cus.2017.54024

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Intentionally or not, the two movements have basically eliminated the PRS in urban China. In 1978, 72% of the urban households lived in public rental housing (Deng, et al, 2017). It was not until Deng Xiaoping came to power and adopted market-oriented economic measures that the PRS began to grow.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Better-Functioning Private Rented Sector in Metropolitan China

2023

Architecture and the Built Environment

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In recent years, the Private Rented Sector (PRS) has witnessed rapid growth across numerous jurisdictions, with Chinese metropolises notably standing out. Throughout the history of housing policy development in China, the PRS has been largely disregarded. It was not until 2015 that the government proposed the idea of “accelerating the development of the rental housing market” to achieve a “balanced development between home renting and purchasing”. However, the PRS in China is still in its immature stage, as evidenced by unstable rents and tenure, insufficient tenant rights, low levels of tenant satisfaction, minimal institutional landlord participation, and a lack of motivation among local governments to develop the PRS. This dissertation aims to gain an indepth understanding of the PRS in metropolitan China and explore how to improve its functioning using Shenzhen as a case study. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to examine the determinants of tenants’ intention to rent and residential satisfaction, the relationship between residential environment, social exclusion, and life satisfaction, the impact of landlords' management practices on tenants' housing experiences, and main challenges and solutions for a well-developed PRS. The results suggest that the PRS in Shenzhen is highly heterogeneous and comprised of several distinct sub-sectors. Housing policies should be tailored to each subsector's unique characteristics. The dissertation also reveals that the PRS is interconnected with other institutions such as the hukou system and education system. Therefore, a well-functioning PRS depends on the simultaneous reform of other sectors and institutions.

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Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Better-Functioning Private Rented Sector in Metropolitan China

2023

Architecture and the Built Environment

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“…Some studies also take the characteristics of destination cities into consideration. Due to the uneven patterns of urbanization and economic development in China, there are strong inter-city differences in terms of local resources, local institutional power and local welfare policies [6,31]. Liu, Deng and Song [22] studied migrants' settlement intentions in 282 Chinese cities, and found that regional differences and city characteristics had a significant impact on the settlement choices of migrants.…”

Section: Permanent Settlement and Hukou Transfer Intentions Of Migrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact package of welfare benefits that urban hukou holders enjoy depends on the city they live in [5]. In contrast, rural hukou holders are granted access to farmland and a homestead, but little else [6]. Given these differences between urban and rural hukou holders, the hukou system has become a tool for social welfare distribution, and the political, economic, and cultural dimensions of the urban-rural differences are deeply attached to one's hukou [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies towards Migrants in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Region, China: Does Local Hukou Still Matter after the Hukou Reform?

Zhang

2020

Sustainability

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The 2014 hukou reform introduced by the Chinese central government was a turning point in China’s policies towards migration. Different from the previous hukou policies, which were largely exclusionary, the reformed policy encouraged migrants to permanently settle in their destination cities and make use of the public services available there. However, the actual results and consequences of this policy seem to vary between cities. This is due to the fact that Chinese municipal governments still have their own discretionary power when it comes to defining the criteria for accessing a local hukou. This raises the question of what the real impact of the hukou policy reform has been. This paper attempts to answer this question. It starts with a hukou access policy analysis of 20 different cities in the Yangtze River delta urban region. This analysis shows that the strictness of the local hukou access policy is related to city specific factors such as economic strength, share of migrant population, and population size. In the second part of the paper, we examine the impact of local hukou access policies on the intentions of migrants. Based on two logistic regression models, we find that the stricter the local hukou access policy is, the more willing migrants are to convert their current hukou into a local hukou. Furthermore, we observed that the settlement intention of migrants has a V-shaped rather than a linear relation with the strictness of local hukou access policies. Cities with relatively loose and cities with relatively strict hukou access policies are more desired as permanent settlement location than cities with moderately strict hukou access policies.

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“…For example, inequality can be created between a homeowner and a tenant (who does not accumulate housing assets) or between a homeowner living in a "good" location and another living in a deprived neighbourhood. Intergenerational transfers may also reproduce inequality in housing asset holding across generations (Deng et al, 2017).…”

Section: Asset-based Welfare In the Global Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black middle-income housing and asset building in Mangaung, South Africa

Litheko¹,

Marais²,

Cloete³

et al. 2019

Urbani Izziv

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Asset-building policies are used worldwide to reduce state welfare commitments. In the Global South, including South Africa, asset-based housing development is thought to help reduce poverty. This study investigated asset building and homeownership in a sample of South Africa’s emerging black middle class. Interviews with 244 black middle-class households in Mangaung revealed asset value creation and heavy dependence on mortgage finance. Levels of mortgage default were low, although households with recently secured mortgages struggled to pay them off. We found little evidence that property-owning is helping these households to move out of poverty. Their ability to afford mortgage loans appeared to be directly related to their own efforts and human capital. Very few had considered downsizing as an option, possibly because ownership of a house has social value, for passing on to the next generation. Asset building was still in its early stages and, because these households had been denied equal opportunities and barred from homeownership by the apartheid regime, very few intergenerational transfers had yet occurred.

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Redistribution, Growth, and Inclusion: The Development of the Urban Housing System in China, 1949-2015

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Towards a Better-Functioning Private Rented Sector in Metropolitan China

Towards a Better-Functioning Private Rented Sector in Metropolitan China

Policies towards Migrants in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Region, China: Does Local Hukou Still Matter after the Hukou Reform?

Black middle-income housing and asset building in Mangaung, South Africa

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