Redox Chemistry and [Au (CN)2 -] in the Formation of Gold Metabolites

Shaw, G. Frank; Schraa, Sabine; Gleichmann, Ernst; Grover, Yash Paul; Dunemann, Lothar; Jagarlamudi, Annapurna

doi:10.1155/mbd.1994.351

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

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Metalle in der Medizin

1999

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Nicht nur die etwa 24 essentiellen Elemente, sondern auch nichtessentielle und sogar radioaktive Elemente verfügen über ein enormes medizinisches Potential. Im Kampf gegen Krebs steht Cisplatin, eines der meistverkauften Cytostatica, nicht allein: Andere Platin‐ sowie Ruthenium‐ und Titankomplexe werden ebenfalls eingesetzt. Gadolinium(III)‐Komplexe können gefahrlos als Kontrastmittel für die NMR‐Mikroskopie genutzt werden, und mit den „richtigen”︁ Liganden ist die gezielte Freisetzung von paramagnetischen Ionen sowie von radiodiagnostischen (z. B. 99mTc) und radiotherapeutischen Isotopen (z. B. 186Re) möglich. Superoxid‐Dismutase‐Mimetica auf Manganbasis, Insulin‐Mimetica auf Vanadiumbasis, NO‐Fänger auf Rutheniumbasis, Photosensibilisatoren auf Lanthanoidbasis und organische Verbindungen, die gezielt mit Metallionen reagieren, zeigen ein faszinierendes medizinisches Potential.

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Metalle in der Medizin

1999

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Metal‐Based Drugs

Shaw

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Metallopharmaceuticals have a long history in the development of chemotherapy. The more recent success of cisplatin and six related Pt‐based antitumor drugs, and longer histories of chrysotherapy (gold treatments) for arthritis, bismuth antiulcer agents, and silver‐, antimony‐ and arsenic‐based antimicrobial agents demonstrate that the periodic table represents a potential wealth of medicinal agents to be explored and developed in the future. This article reviews the use of twelve elements (Ag, As, Au, Bi, Ga, Li, Pt, Ru, Sb, Sn, Ti, V) for a wide variety of diseases and disorders. The current state of research on particular applications varies widely – from promising treatments that have not yet reached the clinic to those that are well established empirically despite uncertain mechanisms of action. The array of antitumor agents licensed or in clinical trials includes compounds of As, Ga, Ru, and Ti, in addition to platinum. There are also exciting efforts to apply known treatments or biological properties to new diseases by taking advantage of extensive databases, for example, developing antitumor agents from organotin complexes that have long been used as fungicides and antifouling agents, and antimicrobial agents from gold complexes. The ability to modulate the properties of metal complexes by choice of the oxidation state (Au I vs Au III ; Pt II vs Pt IV ; V III , V IV & V V , etc.) and design of the medical carrier ligands (e.g. 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane vs two ammine ligands for Pt antitumor agents) allows targeting of particular tissues or cells and balancing of lipophilicity, solubility, and reactivity to balance therapeutic activity against toxicity. Many, if not most, metallopharmaceuticals are prodrugs that undergo redox changes and/or ligand exchange reactions in vivo to generate the active species. Hence, research on metallodrug metabolism and pharmacology is as important as the initial medicinal screening of the agents.

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Gold and Gold Compounds

Cohn¹,

Stern²,

Etris³

2001

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Gold is found as a relatively pure solid on the surface of the earth. It is widely distributed, but in very small concentrations. Gold is the most noble of the noble metals. Gold's properties are listed. The recovery of gold from ore is by the cyanidation process. Specifications and requirements of the international trading markets are discussed as well as precautions aganist fraud. Gold is very recyclable because of its value. Gold is benign to the enviornment, but the chemicals used in its mining are not. Gold is used in electronics, jewelery, coins, decoration, dentistry and medicine.

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Redox Chemistry and [Au (CN)2 -] in the Formation of Gold Metabolites

Abstract: The role of hypochlorite ion, which can be generated by the enzyme myleoperoxidase, in the biochemistry of gold(I) anti-arthritic drugs was investigated. Sodium hypochlorite (OCI-)

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Metalle in der Medizin

Metalle in der Medizin

Metal‐Based Drugs

Gold and Gold Compounds

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