Redox enzyme – glucose oxidase – initiated synthesis of polypyrrole

Biocatalytic synthesis of polypyrrole powder, colloids, and films using horseradish peroxidase

“…The hematin group, which resembles the active site of peroxidases, confers catalytic activity to the molecule while the polyethylenglycol provides water solubility and probably avoids stacking of the hematin moieties in the acidic medium. Ramanavicius et al [16] used the hydrogen peroxide enzymatically produced by glucose oxidase to oxidize pyrrole in aqueous media. In a similar approach, Cui et al [17] use lactate oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide to prepare an enzyme-PPy-carbon nanotube composite.…”

“…Kupriyanovich et al [22] showed that instead of laccase, horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide could be employed to oxidize the ABTS, leading to the pyrrole polymerization. One interesting feature of the biocatalytic methods that have been used to synthesize PPy, is that the resulting polymer adsorbs a significant amount of the enzyme used [16,17], which could improve its potential as biomaterial, catalyst or biosensor element. A method to polymerize pyrrole through an environmentally friendly route, carried out in mild aqueous media and free of oxidation by-products is very attractive.…”

Nanocomposites: From Fabrications to Electrochemical Bioapplications

“…The biomolecule-incorporation includes entrapment and covalent approaches [166,167]. Although electrochemical polymerization of PPy is convenient to trap biomolecules by using mixture of pyrrole monomer and biomolecules, it is limited by electrodes as the substrates and low throughput production [168]. Chemical synthesis of PPy is based on monomer oxidation by oxidants and could be for a mass production.…”

Development of Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors Based on Electrochemically Prepared Polypyrrole-Chitosan-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite Films

“…Metals oxides, such as copper oxide (CuO), titanium oxide (TiO2), iron oxide (Fe3O4) are very often recognised as nano oxides in their native or modified forms for the oxidation of glucose [12][13][14]. Although glucose oxidase (GOx)-based enzymatic biosensors have been usually used for the detection of blood glucose since 1962 [15], however, these enzyme-based sensors show the possible thermal and chemical deformation during fabrication, storage and so on [16,17]. Therefore, non-enzymatic glucose sensors have received great interests particularly through modification of the bare electrode surface with some metal oxide nanoparticles.…”