Redox Regulation in Diazotrophic Bacteria in Interaction with Plants

Abstract

Plants interact with a large number of microorganisms that greatly influence their growth and health. Among the beneficial microorganisms, rhizosphere bacteria known as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria increase plant fitness by producing compounds such as phytohormones or by carrying out symbioses that enhance nutrient acquisition. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, either as endophytes or as endosymbionts, specifically improve the growth and development of plants by supplying them with nitrogen, a key macro-element. Survival and proliferation of these bacteria require their adaptation to the rhizosphere and host plant, which are particular ecological environments. This adaptation highly depends on bacteria response to the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), associated to abiotic stresses or produced by host plants, which determine the outcome of the plant-bacteria interaction. This paper reviews the different antioxidant defense mechanisms identified in diazotrophic bacteria, focusing on their involvement in coping with the changing conditions encountered during interaction with plant partners.

Correlation between Perturbation of Redox Homeostasis and Antibiofilm Capacity of Phytochemicals at Non-Lethal Concentrations

“…Due to their features and quantity (production and disposal) inside cells, ROS are recognized as universal signaling chemical species [ 131 ]. ROS, either associated with abiotic stresses or produced by host plants, determine the outcome of the plant-bacteria interaction [ 132 ], e.g., the optimal formation of legume-rhizobial interaction, especially in the development of symbiosis [ 131 ]. It is speculated that a high level of polyphenol oxidase activity in N 2 -fixing nodules relates to the similarity of the response of plants to pathogens since the protective responses of legume plants to the invasion of rhizobia are analogous to the pathogenic process [ 133 ].…”

The Arabidopsis thaliana–Streptomyces Interaction Is Controlled by the Metabolic Status of the Holobiont

“…The observed decrease in phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, and xanthophylls may lead to oxidative stress of the plant but also of the interacting bacteria. Those bacteria may therefore deal with higher oxidative stress that may influence the efficiency of their interactions with their host, as previously described [ 59 ]. Moreover, carotenoids and xanthophylls are precursors of abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone involved in plant–bacteria interactions [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Understanding plant–microbe interaction of rice and soybean with two contrasting diazotrophic bacteria through comparative transcriptome analysis

“…These pathways are mostly legume–diazotroph interaction-specific and needed for the legume seedlings to get activated during the initiation of the symbiotic association. Glutathione metabolism-related pathway is related to ROS-scavenging during diazotrophic interaction and nodulation ( Mandon et al., 2021 ); amino acid metabolism (biosynthesis, transport, and/or degradation) and are often crucial for the establishment and maintenance of an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis process, which is intimately interconnected with the metabolism of the plant ( Dunn, 2014 ); nitrogen signaling and metabolism ( Carvalho et al., 2014 ); and symbiosome-related pathways (phagosome). It is reported that the root cells accommodate the rhizobia by the suppression and defunctionalization of their vacuole and also by retargeting some tonoplast proteins to symbiosome ( Gavrin et al., 2014 ).…”