Reduced graphene oxide‐based electrochemically stimulated method for temozolomide delivery

Abstract

The controlled release of drug molecules to a specific brain tumour's tissue has been recognized as one of the most demanding researches for treatment of brain cancer, because it helps to avoid the side effects from systemic drug delivery techniques. In the present work, described an electrochemically controlled drug delivery performed with a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐drug composite. The rGO was loaded with a temozolomide (TMZ) molecule (rGO‐TMZ) exhibits electrochemical oxidation and reduction peak in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). In response to be electrochemical potential, the rGO‐TMZ composite releases TMZ drug, and TMZ drug dosage that can be adjusted by altering the electrochemical potential with time. Upon application of an electrochemical potential pulse (0.8 V) for 20 min duration, up to 83% of TMZ was released into citrate buffer solution at pH 5.0. In vitro, cell culture experiments demonstrate that the released TMZ drug retains its bioactivity. The electrochemically controlled rGO‐TMZ composite drug delivery platform makes it an exciting candidate for on‐demand drug delivery for effective treatment of brain cancer.

Viral filtration using carbon‐based materials

“…Efforts on the next generation of antivirals have been focused on nanomaterials, particularly metallic nanoparticles (Ganesh, Venkatakrishnan, & Tan, 2019; Kanematsu et al., 2019; Ray et al., 2018; Reddy et al., 2018). Carbon‐based nanomaterials, such as graphene and graphene oxide, hold distinctive characteristics that have attracted significant attention in a variety of applications.…”

MicroRNA Delivery by Graphene-Based Complexes into Glioblastoma Cells

“…The mechanism of action is related to the methylation of DNA and the active form of TMZ(5-(3-methyl-triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC)) preferentially methylates DNA at N7 positions of guanine in guanine rich regions of GBM cells. However, the structure of TMZ could be protected from degradation in the blood stream by a graphene-based carrier and increase its local anticancer activity [ 64 ]. The results of the effect of GO + miRNA on the selected gene expression level ( Figure 16 ) show that GO + miRNA complexes were more effective than electroporation of GBM with selected sequences of miRNA.…”

“…The assay was performed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions using lysates containing 200 μg/mL of total protein per membrane. Membranes were visualised using the Azure Biosystem C400 (Azure, Dublin, CA, USA) [ 64 ]. Table 2 presents the full array map.…”

Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) in Cancer Therapy: A Database of CNM-Based Nanocarrier Systems

“…[194] rGO in vitro: LN229 cells 84% DLC and 83% DRE, with electrochemically controlled drug release This system retained the anticancer potency of temozolomide. [195] Topotecan-topisomerase I inhibitor GO/TT/CisP/cholesterol-DOX encapsulated in a DSPE-PEG nanocell in vitro: HeLa cells 29% DLC and 40% DRE for TT, with pH-triggered drug release This nanocarrier has fluorescence imaging capabilities and displays remarkably higher anticancer efficacy compared to the free-drug combination due to the synchronised targeting of multiple targets in cancer cells at once. [196] PEI-GO-TT-CisP in vitro: HeLa cells 51% DLC for TT, no quantitative drug release data…”

“…This system retained the anticancer potency of temozolomide. [195] Pharmaceutics 2023, This nanocarrier vastly improved the pharmacokinetic properties and cytotoxicity of TAM against breast cancer cells. The system displayed minimal haemolysis towards human blood.…”