Reduced graphene oxide-incorporated calcium phosphate cements with pulsed electromagnetic fields for bone regeneration

Seonwoo, Hoon; Choung, Han‐Wool; Park, Sangbae; Choi, Kyoung Soon; Jang, Kitae; Kim, Jangho; Lim, Ki-Taek; Kim, Yeon-Ju; Garg, Pankaj; Pandey, Shambhavi; Lee, Juo; Park, Joo-Cheol; Choung, Yun‐Hoon; Choung, Pill‐Hoon; Kim, Soo Young; Chung, Jong Hoon

doi:10.1039/d1ra05717k

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…At the highest dose of 1000 µg/mL after incubation for 24 h, the treatment with T-rGO reduces cell viability by up to 19.34%, while with GO, the cell mortality was enhanced, reaching 21.69%. According to Akhavan et al, both size and concentration of graphene-based materials were found to have harmful effects on human mesenchymal stem cells [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi

Vimalanathan

Vijaya²,

Mary³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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This study demonstrated the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by employing thiourea as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus) were used for anti-fungal assay. Cell viability, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and cell morphology were assessed to determine the toxicity of thiourea-reduced graphene oxide (T-rGO) on human lung cancer cells. The results revealed that GO and T-rGO were hazardous to cells in a dose-dependent trend. The viability of both A. fumigatus and A. flavus was affected by GO and T-rGO. The reactive oxygen species produced by T-rGO caused the death of A. flavus and A. fumigatus cells. This study highlighted the effectiveness of T-rGO as an antifungal agent. In addition, T-rGO was found to be more harmful to cancer cells than GO. Thus, T-rGO manifested great potential in biological and biomedical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, it was reported that by activating caspase 8 and caspase 3, the in vivo study found that daunorubicin-loaded graphene–gold nanocomposites caused apoptosis and inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant leukemia cells [ 37 ]. The graphene-based materials caused DNA fragmentation in cancer cells [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi

Vimalanathan

Vijaya²,

Mary³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…The microcurrent generated by PEMF irradiation can affect cells [33]. This combined application of rGO and PEMF for osteogenesis has been reported previously that can promote osteogenic differentiation ability with more calcium deposition [34] but has rarely been combined for the repair of peripheral nerve defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Pulsed electromagnetic field-assisted reduced graphene oxide composite 3D printed nerve scaffold promotes sciatic nerve regeneration in rats

Wang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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Peripheral nerve injuries can lead to sensory or motor deficits that have a serious impact on a patient’s mental health and quality of life. Nevertheless, it remains a major clinical challenge to develop functional nerve conduits as an alternative to autologous grafts. We applied reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a bioactive conductive material to impart electrophysiological properties to the catheter and the application of a pulsed magnetic field to excite the formation of microcurrents and induce nerve regeneration. In vitro studies showed that the nerve conduit and the pulsed magnetic field made no effect on cell survival, increased S-100β protein expression, enhanced cell adhesion, and increased the expression level of nerve regeneration-related mRNAs. In vivo experiments suggested that the protocol was effective in promoting nerve regeneration, resulting in functional recovery of sciatic nerves in rats, when they were damaged close to that of the autologous nerve graft, and increased expression of S-100β, NF200, and GAP43. These results indicate that rGO composite nerve conduits combined with pulsed magnetic field stimulation have great potential for peripheral nerve rehabilitation.

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“…In addition to the contribution of gel on CPC mechanical properties, gel also improves cement biocompatibility. [10,13] Despite the improvement in CPC performance imparted by incorporating these polymers, further enhancements are still needed to heighten CPC osteogenic capabilities [8,14] for deployment in clinical bone augmentation procedures. [15] Many materials have been suggested as cement additives to enhance the osteogenic ability of CPCs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, recent studies revealed that CPCs loaded with magnetic nanoparticles and primed with electromagnetic fields enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells and rat adipose-derived stem cells. [14,23] Despite the many strategies investigated for improving the osteogenic potential of CPCs, demonstrated efficacy of these new methods in clinical bone reconstruction procedures has remained elusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Incorporating the Antioxidant Fullerenol into Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements Increases Cellular Osteogenesis without Compromising Physical Cement Characteristics

et al. 2023

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Herein, fullerenol (Ful), a highly water‐soluble derivative of C60 fullerene with demonstrated antioxidant activity, is incorporated into calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to enhance their osteogenic ability. CPCs with added carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin (CMC/Gel) are doped with biocompatible Ful particles at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.1 wt v%−1 and evaluated for Ful‐mediated mechanical performance, antioxidant activity, and in vitro cellular osteogenesis. CMC/gel cements with the highest Ful concentration decrease setting times due to increased hydrogen bonding from Ful's hydroxyl groups. In vitro studies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging with CMC/gel cements demonstrate potent antioxidant activity with Ful incorporation and cement scavenging capacity is highest for 0.02 and 0.04 wt v%−1 Ful. In vitro cytotoxicity studies reveal that 0.02 and 0.04 wt v%−1 Ful cements also protect cellular viability. Finally, increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblast cells treated with low‐dose Ful cements demonstrate Ful‐mediated osteogenic differentiation. These results strongly indicate that the osteogenic abilities of Ful‐loaded cements are correlated with their antioxidant activity levels. Overall, this study demonstrates exciting potential of Fullerenol as an antioxidant and proosteogenic additive for improving the performance of calcium phosphate cements in bone reconstruction procedures.

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Reduced graphene oxide-incorporated calcium phosphate cements with pulsed electromagnetic fields for bone regeneration

Abstract: Natural calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) derived from sintered animal bone have been investigated to treat bone defects, but their low mechanical strength remains a critical limitation.

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi

The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi

Pulsed electromagnetic field-assisted reduced graphene oxide composite 3D printed nerve scaffold promotes sciatic nerve regeneration in rats

Incorporating the Antioxidant Fullerenol into Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements Increases Cellular Osteogenesis without Compromising Physical Cement Characteristics

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