Reduced levels of cadinane sesquiterpenoids in cotton plants expressing antisense (+)-δ-cadinene synthase

Martin, Gail S.; Liu, Jinggao; Benedict, C. R.; Stipanovic, Robert D.; Magill, Clint

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00432-6

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…CDNS enzyme and transcripts are induced in cotton stems infected with V. dahliae (Benedict et al, 1995;Alchanati et al, 1998;Bianchini et al, 1999;Tan et al, 2000;this study), in cotton suspension cultures treated with V. dahliae elicitors (Chen et al, 1995(Chen et al, , 1996Liu et al, 1999a), and cotton cotyledons infected with Xcm (Davis and Essenberg, 1995;Davis et al, 1996;this study). CDNS is also developmentally regulated and CDNS transcripts increase during seed development in association with the biosynthesis and deposition of gossypol in the lysigenous storage glands of the embryo (Meng et al, 1999;Martin et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A third subfamily, cdn1-B, is represented by a single genomic clone, but no details have been published concerning the expression pattern or functional attributes of this gene. The nomenclature of the subfamilies and genes representing cotton CDNS genes has not been consistent in the literature, and therefore this study follows the nomenclature used in a recent publication by Martin et al (2003). The individual genes representing CDNS will be given in italics and the families in plain font (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antisense Suppression of a (+)-δ-Cadinene Synthase Gene in Cotton Prevents the Induction of This Defense Response Gene during Bacterial Blight Infection But Not Its Constitutive Expression

et al. 2005

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In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) the enzyme (1)-d-cadinene synthase (CDNS) catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, such as gossypol, that provide constitutive and inducible protection against pests and diseases. A cotton cDNA clone encoding CDNS (cdn1-C4) was isolated from developing embryos and functionally characterized. Southern analysis showed that CDNS genes belong to a large multigene family, of which five genomic clones were studied, including three pseudogenes and one gene that may represent another subfamily of CDNS. CDNS expression was shown to be induced in cotton infected with either the bacterial blight or verticillium wilt pathogens. Constructs for the constitutive or seed-specific antisense suppression of cdn1-C4 were introduced into cotton by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Gossypol levels were not reduced in the seeds of transformants with either construct, nor was the induction of CDNS expression affected in stems of the constitutive antisense plants infected with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. However, the induction of CDNS mRNA and protein in response to bacterial blight infection of cotyledons was completely blocked in the constitutive antisense plants. These results suggest that cdn1-C4 may be involved specifically in the bacterial blight response and that the CDNS multigene family comprises a complex set of genes differing in their temporal and spatial regulation and responsible for different branches of the cotton sesquiterpene pathway.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Antisense Suppression of a (+)-δ-Cadinene Synthase Gene in Cotton Prevents the Induction of This Defense Response Gene during Bacterial Blight Infection But Not Its Constitutive Expression

et al. 2005

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“…Extensive efforts in several laboratories over the last decade to eliminate gossypol from cottonseed by using the antisense method have proved unsuccessful (24), have resulted in a small reduction in seed gossypol (unpublished results from our laboratory), or have provided ambiguous results (30,31). Here, we show that by using the RNAi approach coupled with a tissuespecific promoter, it is possible to significantly and selectively reduce the toxic terpenoid, gossypol, from cottonseed without diminishing the levels of this and related defensive terpenoids in parts of the plant usually attacked by insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol

Sunilkumar

Campbell

Puckhaber

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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402

264

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Global cottonseed production can potentially provide the protein requirements for half a billion people per year; however, it is woefully underutilized because of the presence of toxic gossypol within seed glands. Therefore, elimination of gossypol from cottonseed has been a long-standing goal of geneticists. Attempts were made to meet this objective by developing so-called ''glandless cotton'' in the 1950s by conventional breeding techniques; however, the glandless varieties were commercially unviable because of the increased susceptibility of the plant to insect pests due to the systemic absence of glands that contain gossypol and other protective terpenoids. Thus, the promise of cottonseed in contributing to the food requirements of the burgeoning world population remained unfulfilled. We have successfully used RNAi to disrupt gossypol biosynthesis in cottonseed tissue by interfering with the expression of the ␦-cadinene synthase gene during seed development. We demonstrate that it is possible to significantly reduce cottonseed-gossypol levels in a stable and heritable manner. Results from enzyme activity and molecular analyses on developing transgenic embryos were consistent with the observed phenotype in the mature seeds. Most relevant, the levels of gossypol and related terpenoids in the foliage and floral parts were not diminished, and thus their potential function in plant defense against insects and diseases remained untouched. These results illustrate that a targeted genetic modification, applied to an underutilized agricultural byproduct, provides a mechanism to open up a new source of nutrition for hundreds of millions of people.food safety ͉ gene silencing ͉ RNAi ͉ seed-specific promoter ͉ terpenoids

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“…Martin et al (2003) proposed a pathway for the biosynthesis of gossypol in which (+)-δ-cadinene plays a key role. No direct biochemical pathways have been identified for the gland formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the genes and pathways associated with pigment gland morphogenesis in cotton by transcriptome profiling of near-isogenic lines

Sun

Cai

et al. 2013

Biologia

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Cottonseed protein is underutilized due to the presence of pigment gland containing a toxic compound called gossypol. Cotton produces gossypol and related compounds in various tissues to protect itself against microbial, insect, and rodent attacks. Understanding the mechanism of cotton pigment gland formation and regulation of gossypol biosynthesis will greatly facilitate the research efforts in developing a cotton variety with a gossypol free seed and normally glanded foliage. In this study we make use of near-isogenic lines of cotton pigment gland to screen the genes related to gland morphogenesis applying both GeneChip and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) methods. We identified 880 differentially expressed genes associated with gland morphogenesis in cotton by comparing transcriptome profiles of cotton from glandless and glanded near-isogenic lines using a GeneChip. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 880 genes were distributed mainly among the following GO categories: cellular process (14.45%), physiological process (14.23%), catalytic activity (9.21%), metabolism (8.99%), and cell parts (5.24%). Molecular pathway analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were involved in 58 KEGG pathways. Differentially expressed genes were also identified and isolated using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) with the same near-isogenic lines. A total of 147 ESTs were identified whose expression was either up-or down-regulated. Sequencing and BLAST analysis indicated that some of these genes were novel, while others were related to energy metabolism, transcription factors, and biotic responses. 13 genes were found to be differentially expressed both in SSH and GeneChip analysis. The expression pattern of these genes was verified by real-time PCR. The gene expression profiles produced in this study provide useful information on the molecular mechanism and regulation of gland formation and the related process in cotton. Of particular interest for future study are the genes identified by both SSH and GeneChip analysis. The outcomes are helping for our understanding of the development of specialised structures such as trichomes in plant species, from an applied and basic science perspective and promoting the application in molecular breeding.

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Reduced levels of cadinane sesquiterpenoids in cotton plants expressing antisense (+)-δ-cadinene synthase

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Antisense Suppression of a (+)-δ-Cadinene Synthase Gene in Cotton Prevents the Induction of This Defense Response Gene during Bacterial Blight Infection But Not Its Constitutive Expression

Antisense Suppression of a (+)-δ-Cadinene Synthase Gene in Cotton Prevents the Induction of This Defense Response Gene during Bacterial Blight Infection But Not Its Constitutive Expression

Engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol

Identification of the genes and pathways associated with pigment gland morphogenesis in cotton by transcriptome profiling of near-isogenic lines

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