Reduced proinsecticide activation by cytochrome P450 confers coumaphos resistance in the major bee parasite
            <i>Varroa destructor</i>

Vlogiannitis, Spyridon; Mavridis, Konstantinos; Dermauw, Wannes; Snoeck, Simon; Katsavou, Evangelia; Morou, Evangelia; Harizanis, Paschalis C.; Swevers, Luc; Hemingway, Janet; Leeuwen, Thomas Van; Vontas, John

doi:10.1073/pnas.2020380118

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A coumaphos-resistant Varroa destructor population was recently shown to escape organophosphate toxicity via reduced pro-insecticide activation, by downregulating one of the only 26 P450s in its genome, CYP4EP4, leading to resistance to the organophosphate coumaphos (110). This case study is discussed further in section 4.2.2.…”

Section: Decreased P450 Expression Mediated Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance

Nauen

Bass

Feyereisen

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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245

130

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Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that is the topic of this review. Recent advances in insect genomics and postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the evolution of insect P450s and their role in insect toxicology. These approaches have also been harnessed to provide new insights into the genomic alterations that lead to insecticide resistance, the mechanisms by which P450s are regulated, and the functional determinants of P450-mediated insecticide resistance. In parallel, an emerging body of work on the role of P450s in defining the sensitivity of beneficial insects to insecticides has been developed. The knowledge gained from these studies has applications for the management of P450-mediated resistance in insect pests and can be leveraged to safeguard the health of important beneficial insects. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 67 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Decreased P450 Expression Mediated Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance

Nauen

Bass

Feyereisen

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

Self Cite

245

130

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“…P450s have been previously identified in many kinds of insects, and these CYPs were suggested to participate in various physiological processes, such as detoxication [ 22 ], pesticide resistance [ 23 , 24 ], immune response [ 25 ], and cuticularization [ 26 ] in insects. To date, studies regarding the detoxication functions of P450s have mainly focused on agricultural or forestry pests, but there is very limited research on non-target insects, especially on parasitoid wasps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450s Are Essential for Insecticide Tolerance in the Endoparasitoid Wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Xing

Yan

Pang

et al. 2021

Insects

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With the widespread application of insecticides, parasitoid wasps may also be under risk when exposed to insecticides directly at their free-living stages. The endoparasitoid wasp Meteorus pulchricornis is the predominant natural enemy of many lepidopteran pests, such as Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases constitute a ubiquitous and complex superfamily of hydrophobic, haem-containing enzymes. P450s are involved in the detoxification of many xenobiotics. However, their exact roles in the tolerance mechanism in parasitoids toward insecticides has received less attention. Here, 28 P450 genes in M. pulchricornis were identified from a previously constructed transcriptome dataset. These P450 genes belonged to CYP2, -3, and -4, and mitochondrial clans. Subsequently, eight candidate MpulCYPs were selected from four CYP clans to validate their expression patterns under phoxim, cypermethrin, and chlorfenapyr exposure by qRT-PCR. The results showed that all three insecticides had significant effects on the expression of MpulCYPs. To further study the function of P450s, CYP369B3 was silenced, and its expression levels of CYP369B3 were significantly decreased. Survival analysis indicated that after dsRNA injection, the mortality rate of wasps was significantly increased when M. pulchricornis females were exposed to insecticides compared to control groups. Our findings provide a theoretical base for elucidating the mechanism of insecticide tolerance and promote functional research on P450 genes in parasitoid wasps.

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“…They are also linked to the activation of organophosphates and other pro-insecticides [34]. Upregulation of P450s in insects has been shown to confer insecticide resistance [112][113][114][115], and conversely downregulation occurs in response to pro-insecticides [116,117].…”

Section: Glutathione S-transferasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scaffold-Level Genome Assembly of the Pirate Bug, Orius Laevigatus, and a Comparative Analysis of Insecticide Resistance-Related Gene Families with Hemipteran Crop Pests

Bailey

Field

Rawlings

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The pirate bug, Orius laevigatus, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests including aphids, spider mites and thrips in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. No genomic information is currently available for O. laevigatus, as is the case for the majority of beneficial predators which feed on crop pests. In contrast, genomic information for crop pests is far more readily available. The lack of publicly available genomes for beneficial predators to date has limited our ability to perform comparative analyses of genes encoding potential insecticide resistance mechanisms between crop pests and their predators. These mechanisms include several gene/protein families including cytochrome P450s (P450s), ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs).Methods and findings: In this study, a high-quality scaffold level de novo genome assembly for O. laevigatus has been generated using a hybrid approach with PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read data. The final assembly achieved a scaffold N50 of 125,649bp and a total genome size of 150.98Mb. The genome assembly achieved a level of completeness of 93.6% using a set of 1,658 core insect genes present as full-length genes. The assembly was annotated with 15,102 protein-coding genes - 87% of which were assigned a putative function - and the resultant gene set achieved a completeness of 84.5%. Comparative analyses revealed gene expansions of sigma class GSTs and CYP3 P450s. Conversely the UGT gene family showed limited expansion. Differences were seen in the distributions of resistance-associated gene families at the subfamily level between O. laevigatus and some of its targeted crop pests. A target site mutation in ryanodine receptors (I4790M, PxRyR) which has strong links to diamide resistance in crop pests and had previously only been identified in lepidopteran species was found to also be present in hemipteran species, including O. laevigatus. Conclusion and significance: This assembly is the first published genome for the Anthocoridae family and will serve as a useful resource for further research into target-site selectivity issues and potential resistance mechanisms in beneficial predators. Furthermore, the expansion of gene families often linked to insecticide resistance may be an indicator of the capacity of this predator to detoxify selective insecticides. These findings could be exploited by targeted pesticide screens and functional studies to increase effectiveness of IPM strategies, which aim to increase crop yields by effectively controlling pests in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly manner, without impacting beneficial predator populations.

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Reduced proinsecticide activation by cytochrome P450 confers coumaphos resistance in the major bee parasite Varroa destructor

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance

The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance

Cytochrome P450s Are Essential for Insecticide Tolerance in the Endoparasitoid Wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

A Scaffold-Level Genome Assembly of the Pirate Bug, Orius Laevigatus, and a Comparative Analysis of Insecticide Resistance-Related Gene Families with Hemipteran Crop Pests

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