Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep—a cross-sectional study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between sleep duration and adiposity in 5-and 6-y-old Bavarian children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 6862 German children aged 5 -6 y participating in the obligatory health examination in Bavaria, southern Germany. MEASUREMENTS: Routine data were collected on the height and weight of children at the time of school entry in six public health offices in 1999 and in another two in 2000. Body fat mass was estimated by BIA performed in three of those offices. An extensive questionnaire was given to all children's parents in order to assess risk factors for overweight and obesity. The main outcome measures were overweight, defined by a body mass index (BMI) above the 90th centile and obesity, defined by a BMI above the 97th centile for the German children in Bavaria. Excessive body fat was defined as fat mass above the 90th centile for all German children seen in this survey. The main exposure was usual sleeping hours on week days. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity decreased by duration of sleep: 10 h, 5.4% (95% CI 4.1 -7.0), 10.5 -11.0 h, 2.8% (95% CI 2.3 -3.3), and ! 11.5 h, 2.1% (95% CI 1.5 -2.9). Similar relations were found with the prevalence of overweight and excessive body fat. These effects could not be explained by confounding due to a wide range of constitutional, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The adjusted odds ratio for obesity were: for sleeping 10.5 -11.0 h, 0.52 (95% CI 0.34 -0.78) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.28 -0.75) for sleeping 11.5 h. CONCLUSION: The effect of sleep duration on obesity in children reflects a higher body fat composition and appears to be independent of other risk factors for childhood obesity.

Sleep-related disturbances and physical inactivity are independently associated with obesity in adults

“…Selfreporting usually leads to random misclassification and bias towards unity. 10 Therefore, true associations are likely to be stronger than those found in this study. Also physical activity was analyzed with a simple frequency and exercise mode question.…”

“…6,7 The most probable sleep factor linked with obesity is sleep duration. Cross-sectional evidence suggests an association between short sleep and obesity in children [8][9][10][11] and in young adults. [12][13][14][15] In addition, two prospective cohort studies have shown that short sleep predicts future weight gain in young adults 16 and in middle-aged women.…”

The association between sleep duration, body mass index and metabolic measures in the Hordaland Health Study

“…Elevated body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) has in several previous reports been associated with a decrease in sleep duration across many different age groups (Gangwisch et al, 2005;Gupta et al, 2002;Hasler et al, 2004;Heslop et al, 2002;von Kries et al, 2002;Kripke et al, 2002;Locard et al, 1992;Singh et al, 2005;Vioque et al, 2000;Vorona et al, 2005). The US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey found that, in 1960, an estimated 13.4% of adult men and women were obese (BMI ‡30), whereas, by 2000, the proportion of obese adults had increased to 30.5% (Flegal et al, 2002) with a parallel increase in obese-related healthcare costs (Colditz, 1999).…”

Obesity in Children: New Prevention Concepts and Approaches. Literature Review

“…Тем не менее большое число детей начинает получать прикорм до 4-месячного возраста. По данным R. von Kries с соавт., раннее (до 4 мес жизни) введение продуктов прикорма приводит к избыточно-му весу и ожирению в дошкольном возрасте [40]. При введении прикорма следует помнить, что грудные дети легче и с бо льшим удовольствием воспринимают сладкую и подсоленную пищу, в то же время неохотно едят новую пищу, особенно овощи.…”