Reduced ultrafine particle levels in São Paulo’s atmosphere during shifts from gasoline to ethanol use

Salvo, Alberto; Brito, Joël; Artaxo, Paulo; Geiger, Franz M.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00041-5

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…3 ). The significant contribution of LDV to aerosol number concentration obtained here corroborates a recent study, which has observed a significant effect on UFP in a background sampling site in SPMA associated to the ethanol content used by passenger vehicles 36 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Disentangling vehicular emission impact on urban air pollution using ethanol as a tracer

Brito

Carbone

Santos

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area is a unique case worldwide due to the extensive use of biofuel, particularly ethanol, by its large fleet of nearly 8 million cars. Based on source apportionment analysis of Organic Aerosols in downtown Sao Paulo, and using ethanol as tracer of passenger vehicles, we have identified primary emissions from light-duty-vehicles (LDV) and heavy-duty-vehicles (HDV), as well as secondary process component. Each of those factors mirror a relevant primary source or secondary process in this densely occupied area. Using those factors as predictors in a multiple linear regression analysis of a wide range of pollutants, we have quantified the role of primary LDV or HDV emissions, as well as atmospheric secondary processes, on air quality degradation. Results show a significant contribution of HDV emissions, despite contributing only about 5% of vehicles number in the region. The latter is responsible, for example, of 40% and 47% of benzene and black carbon atmospheric concentration, respectively. This work describes an innovative use of biofuel as a tracer of passenger vehicle emissions, allowing to better understand the role of vehicular sources on air quality degradation in one of most populated megacities worldwide.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Salvo et al . 36 ). Conversely, a limitation of the methodology proposed here is to force species of interest to be described by the four PMF factors (lacking, for example, an industry factor as predictor).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling vehicular emission impact on urban air pollution using ethanol as a tracer

Brito

Carbone

Santos

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…O uso de etanol em automóveis, comum em países como Brasil, EUA e Suécia, é capaz de reduzir as emissões de poluentes e de material particulado (diâmetro < 50 nm) quando comparado à gasolina e óleo diesel, bem como aumentar a concentração de ozônio com implicações diretas a saúde e mudanças climáticas (SALVO et al, 2017). Alguns modelos comerciais de tratores agrícolas apresentam configurações de economia de combustível em comparação com a operação regular; no entanto, as emissões (ex: CO, CO2, NOx e Hidrocarbonetos) são maiores para condições de relação potência/torque elevadas na configuração econômica (SCHLOSSER et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ensaio De Torque E Consumo De Combustível De Uma Motosserra Utilizando Três Misturas De Biocombustível

2019

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ENSAIO DE TORQUE E CONSUMO DE COMBUSTÍVEL DE UMA MOTOSSERRA UTILIZANDO TRÊS MISTURAS DE BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL ROBSON LEAL DA SILVA1, YURI BRITTO PERISSINOTTO2, SÉRGIO RENATO DA SILVA SOARES2, MARCELO MENDES VIEIRA2 1 FAEN - Faculdade de Engenharia, UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia MS-270, km 12, CEP: 79.804-970, Dourados-MS, Brasil. e-mail: rlealsilva@hotmail.com 2, 3 e 4 ICAT - Engenharia Mecânica, UFR - Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rodovia MT-270, km 06, CEP: 78.735-901, Rondonópolis-MT, Brasil. e-mail: yuribritt@hotmail.com; sergeva2004s@yahoo.com.br; mmendes@ufmt.br RESUMO: Motores de combustão interna de pequeno porte são utilizados em diversas atividades agrícolas, dentre os quais motosserras e similares. O desempenho destas máquinas térmicas é modificado em função do teor de etanol na mistura combustível, o qual é atualmente 27,5% na gasolina comercializada no Brasil. O objetivo é identificar as melhores condições de desempenho experimentais (torque e consumo de combustível) de uma motosserra ciclo Otto. A metodologia foi baseada em normas técnicas; uma bancada dinamométrica foi construída para as condições operacionais. Cada ensaio foi repetido três vezes e analisado os dois mais coerentes; com quatro rotações distintas, três diferentes cargas e três amostras de misturas combustíveis - (A)73%G/27%E, (B)60%G/40%E, e (C)50%G/50%E. Os resultados são curvas características e as seguintes conclusões: i) Em rotações até 8.200 RPM o combustível (A) apresentou o menor consumo; acima de 8.500 RPM o combustível (B) apresentou maior torque e menor consumo; e o combustível (C) mostrou-se inadequado para quaisquer das condições ensaiadas; ii) Comparando as condições de carga máxima e mínima, o consumo é praticamente duplicado, e o torque é ampliado em cerca de 4 a 5 vezes; iii) Ocorre aumento significativo do consumo acima de 10.000 RPM, nas condições de carga intermediária com combustíveis A e B, e de carga máxima para todos os combustíveis. Palavras-chaves: Máquinas térmicas, Motor de combustão 2T, Biocombustíveis, Engenharia experimental. TORQUE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION TESTS FOR A CHAINSAW USING THREE BIOFUEL BLENDS ABSTRACT: Small-scale internal combustion engines are broadly used in agricultural activities, including chainsaws and similar equipment. The performance of these thermal machines is modified according to the ethanol content in the fuel blend, which is currently 27.5% in commercial gasoline in Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify the best experimental performance conditions (torque and fuel consumption) for an Otto cycle engine chainsaw. The methodology was based on technical standards and a dynamometric workbench was built to match the operating conditions. Each test was repeated three times and the two more coherent ones were analyzed; with four distinct rotations, three different loads and three samples of fuel blends - (A)73%G/27%E, (B)60%G/40%E, and (C)50%G/50%E. The results are characteristic curves and the following conclusions were i) in rotations up to 8,200 RPM the fuel (A) presented the lowest consumption; Above 8.500 RPM the fuel (B) showed higher torque and lower consumption; and the fuel (C) proved inadequate for any of the conditions tested; ii) comparing the maximum and minimum load conditions, the consumption is practically doubled, and the torque is enlarged by about 4 to 5 times; iii) There is a significant increase in consumption above 10,000 RPM, at the intermediate load condition with fuels A and B, and at maximum load for all fuels. Keywords: Thermal machines, 2-stroke engine, biofuels, experimental engineering.

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“…Biofuels such as bioethanol are becoming increasingly important due to their ability to reduce fossil fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions (Goldemberg, 2007;Salvo et al, 2017). Large-scale biofuel production benefits greatly from hightemperature fermentation (≥ 40°C) which significantly reduces cooling costs and helps prevent contamination (Abdel-Banat et al, 2010;Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas‐based screening of a gene activation library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies a crucial role of OLE1 in thermotolerance

Zhang

et al. 2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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Summary CRISPR/Cas‐based (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated) screening has been proved to be an efficient method to study functional genomics from yeast to human. In this study, we report the development of a focused CRISPR/Cas‐based gene activation library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its application in gene identification based on functional screening towards improved thermotolerance. The gene activation library was subjected to screening at 42°C, and the same library cultured at 30°C was set as a control group. After five successive subcultures, five clones were randomly picked from the libraries cultured at 30 and 42°C, respectively. The five clones selected at 30°C contain the specificity sequences of five different single guide RNAs, whereas all the five clones selected at 42°C contain the specificity sequence of one sgRNA that targets the promoter region of OLE1. A crucial role of OLE1 in thermotolerance was identified: the overexpression of OLE1 increased fatty acid unsaturation, and thereby helped counter lipid peroxidation caused by heat stress, rendering the yeast thermotolerant. This study described the application of CRISPR/Cas‐based gene activation screening with an example of thermotolerant yeast screening, demonstrating that this method can be used to identify functional genes in yeast.

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Reduced ultrafine particle levels in São Paulo’s atmosphere during shifts from gasoline to ethanol use

Cited by 37 publications

References 60 publications

Disentangling vehicular emission impact on urban air pollution using ethanol as a tracer

Disentangling vehicular emission impact on urban air pollution using ethanol as a tracer

Ensaio De Torque E Consumo De Combustível De Uma Motosserra Utilizando Três Misturas De Biocombustível

CRISPR/Cas‐based screening of a gene activation library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies a crucial role of OLE1 in thermotolerance

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