Reducing depressive intrusions via a computerized cognitive bias modification of appraisals task: Developing a cognitive vaccine

Lang, Tamara J.; Moulds, Michelle L.; Holmes, Emily A.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.11.002

Cited by 91 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These questions were included to check the degree of participants' understanding and concentration during the CBM training, and also to reinforce the resolution for that item. In a line with several recent CBM-I studies, only half of the items were followed by a comprehension question to reduce overall training time (e.g., Black and Grisham 2016;Lang et al 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Stech

Grisham

2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder propose that beliefs about the importance of and need to control thoughts (ICT) are central to the maintenance of the disorder. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) can be used to experimentally test this theory and may also have clinical utility as an adjunct therapeutic tool. The current study extended previous research to investigate whether two CBM-I sessions (one within and one outside the laboratory) would augment effects on obsessive-compulsive beliefs and behavior. We randomly allocated undergraduate participants high in ICT beliefs to a Positive (n = 30) or Control (n = 36) CBM-I condition and conducted multimodal assessments immediately following the first training and at one-week follow-up. As predicted, participants in the Positive condition reported a reduction in obsessive-compulsive beliefs from baseline to follow-up (partial η 2 = .42), whereas those in the Control condition did not. Participants responded more adaptively to the ICT relevant stressor task at follow-up compared to post-intervention, but there was no significant difference between conditions. Likewise, participants reported a reduction in obsessive symptoms over time that did not differ between conditions. The findings are considered in light of cognitive models of OCD, and clinical implications are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Stech

Grisham

2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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“…Therefore, research on the aetiology and function of intrusive trauma memories is clearly important for the development of more effective treatments. The studies on intrusion development that we reviewed in the introduction are clearly socially relevant, and even suggest new experimentally-driven ways of working with intrusive memories that appear very unlike traditional psychological therapies Mackintosh, Woud, Postma, Dalgleish, & Holmes, submitted;Lang, Moulds, & Holmes, 2009;Lilley et al, 2009). In light of the clinically relevant phenomenon of intrusive trauma memory, we need to study the function in order to achieve a nuanced view on the possibilities and consequences of changing intrusion development in psychological treatment and research.…”

Section: Summary and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusive trauma memory: A review and functional analysis

Krans

Näring

Becker

et al. 2009

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Our contribution to this special issue focuses on the phenomenon of intrusive trauma memory. While intrusive trauma memories can undoubtedly cause impairment, we argue that they may exist for a potentially adaptive reason. Theory and experimental research on intrusion development are reviewed and possible functions of intrusive trauma memory are explored. These functions include aiding emotional processing, preventing future harm and protecting the coherence of the self. The issue of intrusive images in other disorders than posttraumatic stress disorder is briefly addressed. This review suggests that the study of function is important for a nuanced view on the modulation of intrusive trauma memory in both experimental psychopathology and clinical treatment.

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“…All pre- and post-training measures (starting from the second) began with an intrusion diary in which participants report how many intrusions of film-related material they had since the last session, and on a scale of 0–100% how distressing, how vivid and what the content was (Lang, Moulds, & Holmes, 2009; Morina, Leibold, & Ehring, 2013). As frequent and prolonged intrusions are a classic symptom of PTSD, this measure was included in the study to determine whether the training might have any side effects on this phenomenon, due to the nature of the films.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual agent-mediated appraisal training: a single case series among Dutch firefighters

Beer

Neerincx

Morina

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: First responders are a prime example of professionals that are at a high risk of being exposed to traumatic experiences. Reappraisal as a coping strategy might help first responders to better cope with their emotional responses to traumatic events. Objective: This study investigated the effects of repeated sessions of a digital reappraisal training among seven firefighters. The training consisted of four sessions supported by a virtual agent, conducted at home or at work, over a two-week period in a single case series. Method: Sixteen data points were collected from each participant in the eight days pre- and post-training. Results: Significantly more themes were used at post-training than at pre-training, implying more flexibility and confirming the main hypothesis of the study. Negative side effects were not reported during or in the week after the training. Conclusions: More controlled studies into the short- and long-term effects of a training of this nature are needed. Furthermore, it provides a reference for developers in this field.

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Reducing depressive intrusions via a computerized cognitive bias modification of appraisals task: Developing a cognitive vaccine

Cited by 91 publications

References 39 publications

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Intrusive trauma memory: A review and functional analysis

Virtual agent-mediated appraisal training: a single case series among Dutch firefighters

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