Reducing Freshwater Toxicity while Maintaining Weed Control, Profits, And Productivity: Effects of Increased Crop Rotation Diversity and Reduced Herbicide Usage

Hunt, Natalie; Hill, Jason; Liebman, Matt

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b04086

Cited by 58 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our findings emphasized, as reported in other studies, that a farmer can reduce pesticide uses without undergoing significant economic losses [57][58][59]. Oilseed rape yield and net return were similar for both the treatments managed with the pre-emergence and the full labelled dose.…”

Section: Economicssupporting

confidence: 88%

Low-Input Herbicide Management: Effects on Rapeseed Production and Profitability

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The oilseed rape conventional system can be moved to a more sustainable one by reducing herbicide application whilst ensuring at the same time effective weed control, maintaining oilseed rape yield, and quality and increasing profitability. Over three growing season periods, two field experiments at two different Southern Italy locations were carried out. In both sites, a conventional weed-control management system (recommended label dose), four alternative low-herbicide treatments, and an untreated control were compared. We monitored weeds and crop response to herbicide treatments, and calculated the net economic return, within site and year, for each treatment. In experiment 1, a half dose of herbicide did not show any significant difference in seed yield with respect to conventional treatment in two of three growing seasons. In experiment 2, compared with the conventional system, weedy control and the lowest applied herbicide dose treatment (25% of the recommended label dose) did not underline significant differences with regard to yield level. Net returns from the half dose of metazachlor herbicide were not significantly lower than net returns from conventional treatment in experiment 1 (on a three-year average 748 vs. 812 € ha −1 , respectively). Our findings suggest that the herbicide dose might be cut by at least 50% in order not to jeopardize negative effects on production and economic performances.

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Section: Economicssupporting

confidence: 88%

Low-Input Herbicide Management: Effects on Rapeseed Production and Profitability

et al. 2018

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“…Data for this study were collected from an ongoing soybean field experiment located at Iowa State University's Marsden Farm in Boone County, Iowa [44,45]. This experiment was established in 2001 as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four blocks.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study was to detect SDS using high-resolution satellite imagery collected over different vegetative and reproductive growth stages of the soybean crop in a long-term crop rotation field trial, with a history of rotation-influenced differences in SDS symptom intensity [44,45]. We hypothesized that spectral data based on blue, green, red, near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands, and the calculated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), combined with ground-based crop management information, would allow detection of SDS in larger field-scale plots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery for the Detection of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is one of the major yield-limiting soybean diseases in the Midwestern United States. Effective management for SDS requires accurate detection in soybean fields. Since traditional scouting methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often destructive, alternative methods to monitor SDS in large soybean fields are needed. This study explores the potential of using high-resolution (3 m) PlanetScope satellite imagery for detection of SDS using the random forest classification algorithm. Image data from blue, green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands, the calculated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and crop rotation information were used to detect healthy and SDS-infected quadrats in a soybean field experiment with different rotation treatments, located in Boone County, Iowa. Datasets collected during the 2016, 2017, and 2018 soybean growing seasons were analyzed. The results indicate that spectral features, when combined with ground-based information, can detect areas in soybean plots that are at risk for disease, even before foliar symptoms develop. The classification of healthy and diseased soybean quadrats was >75% accurate and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was >70%. Our results indicate that high-resolution satellite imagery and random forest analyses have the potential to detect SDS in soybean fields, and that this approach may facilitate large-scale monitoring of SDS (and possibly other economically important soybean diseases). It may also be useful for guiding recommendations for site-specific management in current and future seasons.The pathogen starts infecting roots during early soybean growth stages [9,10] and causes root rot and poor root development [3]. Root infections are favored by cool, wet soil environments [11,12]. Foliar symptoms of interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between leaf veins) and necrosis (tissue browning following cell death) typically appear during reproductive stages [13] and cause premature defoliation and senescence under severe disease pressure [14]. The initial foliar symptoms show only as yellow traces on lower leaves, which makes the disease difficult to detect at early stages. Abundant soil moisture favors SDS foliar symptom expression [12,15], whereas infected plants may not develop foliar symptoms under dry field conditions. Disease distribution within a field is limited by the spatial distribution of the pathogen at the beginning of the growing season.Scouting for SDS foliar symptoms in the field is made difficult by the relatively late onset of visible foliar symptom expression, which often occurs after the soybean canopy has closed, and by the patchy distribution of SDS in soybean fields. Scouting for symptomatic plants is time-consuming, and confirmation of Fv infection requires destructive sampling [16]. Therefore, a more effective method for monitoring and quantifying the distribution of SDS in the field is needed.Early detection of plant diseases through remote sensing can be di...

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“…The experimental units measure 6.1 × 12.1 m at Kanawha, 4.6 × 15.2 m at Nashua, and 9 × 85 m at Marsden. Additional information about cropping systems, soil management, N fertilization, crop yields and site characteristics have been published previously (Hunt et al, 2017;Liebman et al, 2008;Mallarino et al, 2016aMallarino et al, , 2016bRobinson et al, 1996;Russell et al, 2005).…”

Section: Two-yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-profile soil organic matter content, composition, and stability under cropping systems that differ in belowground inputs

Poffenbarger

Olk

Cambardella

et al. 2020

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Subsoils have been identified as a potential carbon sink because they typically have low soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and high SOC stability. One proposed strategy to increase SOC stocks is to enhance C inputs to the subsoil by increasing crop rotation diversity with deep-rooted perennial crops. Using three long-term field trials in Iowa (study durations of 60, 35, and 12 years), we examined the effects of contrasting cropping systems [maize (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) (= two-year system) vs. maize-soybean-oat (Avena sativa L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa or maize-maize-oat/ alfalfa-alfalfa (= four-year system)] on above-and below-ground C inputs, as well as the content, biochemical composition, and distribution of SOC among physical fractions differing in stability to 90 cm depth. Average annual total C inputs were similar in the two-year and four-year systems, but the proportion of C delivered belowground was 20-35 % greater in the four-year system. Despite the long duration of these studies, the effect of cropping system on SOC content to 90 cm was inconsistent across trials, ranging from −7 % to +16 % in the four-year relative to the two-year system. At the one site where SOC was significantly greater in the four-year system, the effect of cropping system on SOC content was observed in surface and subsoil layers rather than limited to the subsoil (i.e., below 30 cm).Cropping system had minimal effects on biochemical indicators of plant-derived organic matter or on the proportions of SOC in labile particulate organic matter versus stable mineral-associated organic matter. We conclude that adoption of cropping systems with enhanced belowground C inputs may increase total profile SOC, but the effect is minimal and inconsistent; furthermore, it has minor impact on the vertical distribution, biochemical composition, and stability of SOC in Mollisols of the Midwest U.S.Subsoils have been identified as a potential carbon sink because they typically have low soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and high SOC stability. One proposed strategy to increase SOC stocks is to enhance C inputs to the subsoil by increasing crop rotation diversity with deep-rooted perennial crops. Using three longterm field trials in Iowa (study durations of 60, 35, and 12 years), we examined the effects of contrasting cropping systems [maize (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) (= two-year system) vs. maize-soybeanoat (Avena sativa L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa or maize-maize-oat/alfalfa-alfalfa (= four-year system)] on above-and below-ground C inputs, as well as the content, biochemical composition, and distribution of SOC among physical fractions differing in stability to 90 cm depth. Average annual total C inputs were similar in the two-year and four-year systems, but the proportion of C delivered belowground was 20-35 % greater in the fouryear system. Despite the long duration of these studies, the effect of cropping system on SOC content to 90 cm was inconsistent across trials...

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Reducing Freshwater Toxicity while Maintaining Weed Control, Profits, And Productivity: Effects of Increased Crop Rotation Diversity and Reduced Herbicide Usage

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

Low-Input Herbicide Management: Effects on Rapeseed Production and Profitability

Low-Input Herbicide Management: Effects on Rapeseed Production and Profitability

Exploring the Potential of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery for the Detection of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome

Whole-profile soil organic matter content, composition, and stability under cropping systems that differ in belowground inputs

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