Reducing port-related truck emissions: The terminal gate appointment system at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach

Port Hinterland Connectivity

“…Similar truck idling bills have been introduced in Illinois, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Jersey. Conditions for such systems to work would be a large proportion of trips that use appointments and priority to appointment trips to realise significant time savings (Giuliano and O'Brien, 2007;). …”

“…Bergqvist, 2012), developing appointment systems to improve port gate efficiency (e.g. Giuliano, & O'Brien, 2007), extending operation times (e.g. Giuliano, & O'Brien, 2008), extending the borders of the port beyond the port precinct (Veenstra, Zuidwijk & van Asperen, 2012) or influencing the port modal split (e.g.…”

Efficient Hinterland Transport Infrastructure and Services for Large Container Ports

“…The port of Vancouver, for example, has a Truck Licensing Scheme that restricts access to the port to less polluting vehicles (Braathens 2011). Efforts have also been made to reduce the queuing of trucks coming to collect containers, though this has not always translated into emission reductions (Giuliano and O'Brien 2007). Some ports with the necessary infrastructure are promoting a modal shift to rail and waterborne transport.…”

“…While the advantages of an appointment system are easily comprehensible, its implementation in practice has been met often with scepticism. This is partly because the effectiveness of an appointment system depends on the opening hours of distribution facilities and warehouses, and to some extent to labour and road regulation (Giuliano and O'Brien 2007). The implementation of appointment systems has been often driven more by the regulator than by the industry, leading some to argue that industry self-regulation would have delivered better results (e.g.…”

“…The implementation of appointment systems has been often driven more by the regulator than by the industry, leading some to argue that industry self-regulation would have delivered better results (e.g. in California, see Giuliano and O'Brien 2007). In numerous cases, however, the implementation of an appointment system has brought visible benefits in terms of emission and congestion reduction (Morais and Lord 2006).…”