Reducing Sodium Consumption in Mexico: A Strategy to Decrease the Morbidity and Mortality of Cardiovascular Diseases

Campos-Nonato, Ismael; Meza, Jorge Vargas; Nieto, Claudia; Ariza, Ana Carolina; Barquera, Sı́món

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.857818

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…La ingesta elevada de sodio, vinculada al riesgo cardiovascular, excede las recomendaciones de la OMS de menos de 2 g diarios en México y América Latina. 33,34,35 Sin embargo, en Perú, la mayoría de los alimentos vendidos y consumidos fuera de casa tienen un alto nivel de sodio. 35 El estudio de Carrillo reveló que el 95 % de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud asoció el exceso de sal con hipertensión; el 29 % con cálculos renales; solo el 6 % con otras enfermedades como cáncer, y el 47 % optaría por reducir la sal en su dieta.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Conocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular y consumo de sal/sodio en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Valderrama-Rios,

Aguayo-Cabana,

Hiyo-Huapaya

et al. 2024

Investig. innov.

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Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular y la ingesta de sal/sodio en alumnos de ciencias de la salud. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal en una muestra de 288 alumnos de enfermería de una universidad privada en el distrito de Los Olivos, en Lima. Los datos se recolectaron a través de dos encuestas autoaplicables: una para evaluar el conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular denominada CARRIF-BD y otra sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en sodio, ambas administradas mediante Google Forms. Se empleó la correlación tau-b de Kendall para examinar la relación entre el consumo de sodio y el conocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular, considerando un p-valor <0.05 como significativo. Resultados: Un 40,6 % de los estudiantes presentó un consumo de sal categorizado como alto, indicando una tendencia al elevado consumo de sal en sus dietas. El 35,8 % se ubicó en un nivel medio, mientras que el 23,6 % mostró un bajo consumo de sal. Se observó una correlación inversa significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre riesgos cardiovasculares y el consumo de sal (Tau – b = -0,220, p < .05), sugiriendo que un mayor conocimiento se asocia con un menor consumo de sal. Conclusiones: El estudio revela que un mayor conocimiento sobre riesgos cardiovasculares conlleva un menor consumo de sal en estudiantes de enfermería, subrayando el papel crucial de la educación en la modificación de hábitos alimenticios hacia prácticas más saludables.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Conocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular y consumo de sal/sodio en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Valderrama-Rios,

Aguayo-Cabana,

Hiyo-Huapaya

et al. 2024

Investig. innov.

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“…Although this study did not measure the cost-effectiveness of reducing sodium intake, scientific evidence has shown that reducing sodium intake at the population level is one of the most cost-effective strategies to help reduce CVD risk [13,50]. Despite the fact that direct and indirect policy measures have been implemented in Mexico to reduce sodium consumption in the population (including front-of-package labelling, prohibiting salt shakers at the tables in restaurants, and sodium reduction in bakery products) [51][52][53], excessive sodium intake continues to represent an important risk factor for CVD in the country. In this regard, our study showed that reducing sodium intake, regardless of the policy scenario, could contribute to significantly reduce CVD mortality in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexico

et al. 2023

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of death in Mexico, while high blood pressure is suffered by about half of the adult population. Sodium intake is one of the main risk factors for these diseases. The Mexican adult population consumes about 3.1 g/day, an amount that exceeds what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) < 2 g sodium/day. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of reducing sodium intake on CVD mortality in Mexico using a scenario simulation model. Methods The Integrated Model of Preventable Risk (PRIME) was used to estimate the number of deaths prevented or postponed (DPP) due to CVD in the Mexican adult population following the following sodium intake reduction scenarios: (a) according to the WHO recommendations; (b) an “optimistic” reduction of 30%; and (c) an “intermediate” reduction of 10%. Results The results show that a total of 27,700 CVD deaths could be prevented or postponed for scenario A, 13,900 deaths for scenario B, and 5,800 for scenario C. For all scenarios, the highest percentages of DPP by type of CVD are related to ischemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, and stroke. Conclusions The results show that if Mexico considers implementing policies with greater impact to reduce sodium/salt consumption, a significant number of deaths from CVD could be prevented or postponed.

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“…Although this study did not measure the cost effectiveness of reducing sodium intake, scienti c evidence has shown that reducing sodium intake at the level is one of the most cost-effective strategies to help reduce CVD risk (12,40). Despite the fact that direct and indirect policy measures have been implemented in Mexico to reduce sodium consumption in the population (including front-of-package labelling, prohibiting salt shakers at the tables in restaurants, and sodium reduction in bakery products) (41)(42)(43), excessive sodium intake continues to represent an important risk factor for CVD in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexico

Vargas-Meza¹,

Nilson

Nieto³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of death in Mexico, while high blood pressure is suffered by about half of the adult population. Sodium intake is one of the main risk factors for these diseases. The Mexican adult population consumes about 3.1 g/day, an amount that exceeds what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) < 2g sodium/day. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of reducing sodium intake on CVD mortality in Mexico using a scenario simulation model. Methods The Integrated Model of Preventable Risk (PRIME) was used to estimate the number of deaths prevented or postponed (DPD) due to CVD in the Mexican adult population following the following sodium intake reduction scenarios: a) according to the WHO recommendations; b) an “optimistic” reduction of 30%; and c) an "intermediate" reduction of 10%. Results The results show that a total of 27,700 CVD deaths could be prevented or postponed for scenario A, 13,900 deaths for scenario B, and 5,800 for scenario C. For all scenarios, the highest percentages of DPP by type of CVD are related to ischemic heart disease, hypertensive disease and stroke. Conclusions The results show that if Mexico considers implementing policies with greater impact to reduce sodium/salt consumption, a significant number of deaths from CVD could be prevented or postponed.

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Reducing Sodium Consumption in Mexico: A Strategy to Decrease the Morbidity and Mortality of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Conocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular y consumo de sal/sodio en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Conocimiento del riesgo cardiovascular y consumo de sal/sodio en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Modelling the impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexico

Modelling the impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexico

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