Reducing the Effect of Lightning on Step and Touch Voltages in a Grounding Grid Using a Nature-Inspired Genetic Algorithm With ATP-EMTP

Farkoush, Saeid Gholami; Wadood, Abdul; Khurshaid, Tahir; Kim, Chang-Hwan; Irfan, Muhammad Naeem; Rhee, Sang-Bong

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923656

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Grounding rods are employed as grounding electrodes at the connection points of energy storage systems and transformers. The grounding rod is equivalently represented as an RLC component based on its dimensions and material [7]. It consists of a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel, followed by a series connection with an inductor.…”

Section: Grounding System Equivalencymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Grounding of Grid-Connected Energy Storage System

Li,

Lin,

Chen

2024

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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The energy storage system is mainly composed of the following three parts, the power conversion system (PCS), battery management system (BMS), and energy management system (EMS). Among them, EMS is the core of the energy storage system. EMS needs to decide when to charge or discharge and monitor information such as the fire protection system, access control system, and ambient temperature and humidity in the facility. Good data transmission must be maintained between the equipment and the EMS. In the power system, the grounding system stabilizes the potential, discharging static charges, lightning current discharge path, grounding the equipment shell, and providing reference potential. If the grounding system of the energy storage facility is poorly designed, the noise generated by the PCS may cause electromagnetic interference to the communication line during the switching operation. In severe cases, the energy storage system will be temporarily disabled. This study analyzes the transient voltage variation at the grounding point when the ESS is connected or disconnected from the grid under different grounding methods. Referring to the grounding methods such as TT, TN, and IT in IEC 60364 standard, and analyzes in different ground impedance. The energy storage system model is established with EMTP-ATPDraw. After simulating various scenarios, a grounding method with low ground potential variation is proposed.

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Section: Grounding System Equivalencymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Grounding of Grid-Connected Energy Storage System

Li,

Lin,

Chen

2024

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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“…Survei terdahulu pada suatu perlengkapan gardu induk GIS 400kV akibat lonjakan mendadak akibat surja petir pada perlengkapan gardu induk GIS saluran transmisi listrik disimulasikan dengan memakai aplikasi EMTP [5]. Kendala transien pada sistem pentanahan berlapis banyak akibat sambaran petir dihitung dengan tata cara Invers Fourier Transform memakai MATLAB dengan parameter kabel pentanahan yang dipasang secara horizontal serta vertikal pada pentanahan grid [6]. Model pentanahan netral generator memakai tata cara pentanahan lewat tranformator ditribusi dengan parameter pentanahan di implementasikan memakai aplikasi Labview GUI [7].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisis Pentanahan Gardu Induk Akibat Surja Petir Menggunakan Finite Elemen Method

Fitriani¹,

Syafriwel²,

Hidayat³

et al. 2023

JJEEE

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Sambaran petir pada sistem tenaga bisa mengganggu keandalan sistem, serta senantiasa jadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam proses desain gardu induk. Hal- hal yang butuh dicermati dalam mendesain sistem pentanahan diantaranya, peningkatan tegangan tanah (Grond Potensial Rise), keamanan tegangan langkah serta tegangan sentuh pada gardu induk, dan besarnya nilai impedansi akibat dari surja petir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat besar arus sambaran petir yang terjadi pada gardu induk dengan variasi area zona pentanahan grid pada gardu induk. Adapun simulasinya menggunakan aplikasi ETAP memakai metode FEM (Finite Element Method) dibuat untuk menampilkan ikatan antara luas zona grid, dimensi konduktor serta peningkatan GPR akibat sambaran surja petir. Nilai kenaikan tegangan yaitu sebesar 13289V, tegangan sentuh yang didapat sebesar 490,1V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 663,4V bobot badan 70kg, sedangakan untuk tegangan langkah yaitu sebesar 1372,5V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 1857,6V bobot badan 70kg pada luas zona grid 10 x 10 m2. tegangan sentuh yang didapat sebesar 832,87V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 1127,2V bobot badan 70kg. sedangakan untuk tegangan langkah yaitu sebesar 2743,2V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 3712,8V bobot badan 70kg pada luas zona grid 50 x 50 m2. Hasil akumulasi arus gangguan akibat sirja petir dengan variasi arus injeksi dimana semakin besar arus injeksi yang diberikan maka semakin besar arus gangguan surja petir yang timbul.Lightning strikes in power systems can compromise system reliability and have always been one of the major challenges in the substation design process. Things that need to be considered in designing a grounding system include ground voltage increase (Ground Potential Rise), step voltage safety and touch voltage at the substation, and the magnitude of the impedance value due to lightning surges. The purpose of this study is to see the magnitude of the lightning strike current that occurs at the substation with variations in the area of the grid grounding zone at the substation. The simulation using the ETAP application using the FEM (Finite Element Method) method is made to display the bond between the grid zone area, conductor dimensions, and the increase in GPR due to lightning strikes. The voltage increase value is 13289V, the touch voltage obtained is 490.1V at 50kg body weight and 663.4V 70kg body weight, while the step voltage is 1372.5V at 50kg body weight and 1857.6V 70kg body weight at zone area grids 10 x 10 m2. The touch voltage obtained is 832.87V for a body weight of 50kg and 1127.2V for a body weight of 70kg. while the step voltage is 2743.2V for a body weight of 50kg and 3712.8V for a body weight of 70kg for a grid zone area of 50 x 50 m2. The accumulated fault current results from lightning surges with injection current variations where the greater the injection current, the greater the lightning surge fault current that arises.

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“…The ground grids were designed according to the IEEE 80-2000 standard and therefore the obtained knowledge may be useful for designing the shape of ground grid that could protect the electrical equipment and ensure the safety of personnel inside the substation against electric shocks. This study may also provide the basic knowledge for further analysis by other advanced programs, and this could also help to understand which spots of substation that were minimally affected by overvoltage and should be used for placing the important electrical equipment [17]- [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of overvoltage on square, rectangular and L-shaped ground grids of high voltage substations by ATP/EMTP

Luewattana

Rattanasena

2021

IJECE

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<span lang="EN-US">Ground grid system is important for preventing the hazardous effects of overvoltage in high voltage substations due to fault current perhaps from lightning strike or device malfunction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of overvoltage on square, rectangular and L-shaped ground grids with ground rods being distributed in mesh-pattern by using alternate transients program/electromagnetic transients program (ATP/EMTP) program. The models were simulated in the cases that 25 kA-fault current being injected into the center or one of the corners of ground grids. The results showed that the highest level of overvoltage (6.3349 kV) was detected at the corner of rectangular ground grid when the fault current was injected into its corner. However, the lowest level of overvoltage was found when the fault current was injected into the center of square ground grid. The results from this study indicated that ATP/EMTP program was useful for preliminary investigation of overvoltage on ground grids of different shapes. The obtained knowledge could be beneficial for further designing of ground grid systems of high voltage substations to receive the minimal damages due to fault current.</span>

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Reducing the Effect of Lightning on Step and Touch Voltages in a Grounding Grid Using a Nature-Inspired Genetic Algorithm With ATP-EMTP

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

A Study on Grounding of Grid-Connected Energy Storage System

A Study on Grounding of Grid-Connected Energy Storage System

Analisis Pentanahan Gardu Induk Akibat Surja Petir Menggunakan Finite Elemen Method

Investigation of overvoltage on square, rectangular and L-shaped ground grids of high voltage substations by ATP/EMTP

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