Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Knappe, Victoria; Paczkowski, Sebastian; Díaz-Robles, Luis A.; Gonzales, Alain; Pelz, Stefan

doi:10.3791/58970

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The increase from 150 to 170 • C was lower than the increase from 170 to 185 • C for all compounds (Figure 3). The higher and lower heating values significantly decreased at 150 • C. This effect was attributed to the acetal hydrolysis of carbohydrates and was also found in a study on low-temperature microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization [17,26]…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Both effects cause a depletion of trace elements from the biomass. In contrast, the reduction of the organic content in the biocoal increases the relative trace element content [17,[23][24][25][26][27], which also catalyzes the carbonization at higher temperatures [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the possibility of upgrading short-rotation coppice willow biomass by low-temperature hydrothermal treatment (HTT) is evaluated. The process severity of HTT is higher than that of room-temperature water leaching [1][2][3][4][5][6] and lower than that of HTC [23,26,36]. This study evaluates how the intermediate process parameters of HTT allow the positive effects of water leaching (reduction of trace elements) and HTC (increase in heating value) to be combined, with an emphasis on the specific trace elements that are emission precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) Improves the Combustion Properties of Short-Rotation Coppice Willow Wood by Reducing Emission Precursors

et al. 2021

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The worldwide transformation from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources will increase the demand for biomass. However, the ash content of many available biomass sources exceeds the limits of national standards. In this study, short-rotation coppice willow biomass was hydrothermally treated at 150, 170 and 185 °C. The higher heating value increased by 2.6% from x¯ = 19,279 J × g−1 to x¯ = 19,793 J × g−1 at 185 °C treatment temperature. The mean ash content was reduced by 53% from x¯ = 1.97% to x¯ = 0.93% at 170 °C treatment temperature, which was below the limit for category TW1b of the European pellet standard for thermally treated biomass. The nitrogen, sulfur and cadmium concentrations were reduced below the limits for category TW1b of the European biomass pellet standard (N: from 0.52% to 0.34%, limit at 0.5%; S: from 0.051% to 0.024%, limit at 0.04%; Cd: from 0.83 mg × kg−1 to 0.37 mg × kg−1, limit at 0.5 mg × kg−1). The highest reduction rates were sampled for phosphor (80–84%), potassium (78–90%), chlorine (96–98%) and lithium (96–98%). The reduction behavior of the elements is discussed according to the chemical processes at the onset of hydrothermal carbonization. The results of this study show that HTT has the potential to expand the availability of biomass for the increasing worldwide demand in the future.

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Section: Gc-ms Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) Improves the Combustion Properties of Short-Rotation Coppice Willow Wood by Reducing Emission Precursors

et al. 2021

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“…The average treatment temperatures of HTC processes are usually between 180 to 300 • C, leading to several different chemical and physical reactions that influence the characteristics of the substrate. According to several studies [21,44,45], it is possible to change chemical properties such as increased C contents or heating values of the feedstock by HTT at lower temperatures between 150 and 190 • C. Basic material properties for raw OFMSW and the resulting biochars, as analyzed in this study, are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Raw and Hydrothermally Treated Ofmswmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method resembles a gentle treatment with low carbonization rates. Previous studies with similar experimental setups regarding HTT temperatures have already shown that temperatures below 200 • C affect fuel properties [20,21]. Next to the most influential process parameters, such as temperature levels, a major challenge in HTC is the substrate composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Processes

et al. 2021

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In comparison to lignocellulosic biomass, which is suitable for thermo-chemical valorization, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is mainly treated via composting or anaerobic digestion (AD). An efficient utilization of OFMSW is difficult due to variations in its composition. Based on the characteristics of OFMSW, hydrothermal treatment (HTT) experiments at temperatures < 200 °C as an alternative OFMSW-processing were evaluated in this study. The raw OFMSW was characterized with a dry matter (DM)-based organic dry matter (oDM) content of 77.88 ± 1.37 %DM and a higher heating value (HHV) of 15,417 ± 1258 J/gDM. Through HTT at 150, 170 and 185 °C, the oDM contents as well as H/C and O/C ratios were lowered while the HHV increased up to 16,716 ± 257 J/gDM. HTT led to improved fuel properties concerning ash melting, corrosion stress and emission behavior. Negative consequences of the HTT process were higher contents of ash in the biochar as well as accumulated heavy metals. In the sense of a bioeconomy, it could be beneficial to first convert raw OFMSW into CH4 through AD followed by HTT of the AD-digestate for the generation of solid fuels and liquid products. This could increase the overall utilization efficiency of OFMSW.

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Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) for improving the fuel properties of biomass residues

Paczkowski

Comi

Küttner

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Water leaching and hydrothermal carbonization are tools to upgrade biomass residues for combustion. Water leaching reduces the ash content, which increases the heating value, while hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) increases heating value and ash content and decreases the organic fraction of the fuel. The objective of this study is to investigate, whether low temperature hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of biomass residues can combine the positive aspects of both treatments and avoid the negative aspects: a decrease of the ash content (leaching) instead of an increase (HTC) and a strong increase of the heating value by deoxygenation (HTC) instead of a low increase by ash reduction (leaching). Sawdust, conifer bark, black locust bark, green cuttings, and leaves were treated at 150 °C, 170 °C and 185 °C in a batch reactor. The impact of the three treatments on combustion properties, inorganic element reduction, and organic compound formation in the liquid phase were investigated. All biomass residues, except sawdust treated at 150 °C, showed increased heating values and reduced ash contents. The intensity of the heating value increases, and the reduction rates of selected ash elements were discussed, including a comparison of literature values and a short review on organic reaction and formation processes at low temperature and pressure conditions.

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Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) Improves the Combustion Properties of Short-Rotation Coppice Willow Wood by Reducing Emission Precursors

Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) Improves the Combustion Properties of Short-Rotation Coppice Willow Wood by Reducing Emission Precursors

Upgrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Low Temperature Hydrothermal Processes

Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) for improving the fuel properties of biomass residues

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