Reduction characteristics and kinetics of iron oxide by carbon in biomass

Wei, Rufei; Cang, Daqiang; Bai, Yu; Huang, Dongbo; Liu, X.

doi:10.1179/1743281215y.0000000061

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The significant mass loss observed at higher temperatures (from 800 °C) is clearly associated with the more effective iron oxide reduction, represented by metallic iron and cementite phases in XRD patterns. Therefore, these results reveal that biomass volatiles can play an important role on the iron ore reduction, as suggested indirectly in other works [13][14][15].…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysissupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The role of biomass as a reducing agent to iron oxides has been typically approached through iron ore-carbon composites [3,[10][11][12]. Some studies have demonstrated that iron oxides can be partially reduced by the volatiles in these composites [13][14][15]. Despite that, it is difficult to approach the fundamental aspects related to iron ore reduction by volatiles in these composites since the CO generated from the gasification of fixed carbon through the Boudouard reaction plays a predominant role on reduction [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Bagatini

Kan

Evans

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The use of biomass in different routes of ironmaking has been recently investigated. Although the volatile matter is the major constituent of the biomass, its contribution as reducing agent has not been explored in detail. This work aimed to investigate the reduction of iron ore by biomass volatiles and elucidate the steps involved, searching for optimization of its use in the ironmaking industry. Experiments with biomass and iron ore packed beds placed separately were carried out in the interval between 200 and 1000 °C in an infrared furnace. Iron ore reduction was observed at low temperatures (< 800 °C) and increased up to 1000 °C, where wustite, metallic iron and cementite were detected by XRD. Carbon deposition at low temperatures and carbothermic reduction at high temperatures were identified through carbon analysis and thermal profile measures. At low temperature the reduction occurred mainly by the non-condensable gases (CO, H 2 ) from biomass pyrolysis and tar cracking reactions, while from 800 °C the reduction advanced by carbon deposited on the iron ore. The activation energy for the carbothermic reduction indicated the carbon gasification as the reaction-limiting step. The deposited carbon proved to be more reactive than other carbon sources commonly used in the ironmaking.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysissupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Bagatini

Kan

Evans

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…Sohn and Fruehan described the effect of volatiles in a multi‐layer pellet geometry simulating the multiple layers in an RHF‐based process, where the hydrogen and hydrocarbon containing volatiles evolved from the bottom layers were able to react with the upper layer pellets at temperatures of 1273 K (1000 °C) . Recent work by Wei et al using the off‐gas analysis of biomass carbon and reagent grade hematite composite pellet reactions found the volatile carbon species can enhance the reduction kinetics of the iron oxide . Thus, the effect of volatiles on the reduction can be significant within the conditions of the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Reduction Behavior of Coal Composite Pellet at Temperatures between 1373 and 1573 K

Park

Sohn

Freislich³

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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The influence of different coal types on the reduction of composite pellet is investigated. Three Australian coals representing high volatile, medium volatile, and low volatile coal are analyzed and used for pellet preparation. High temperature behavior is investigated by Thermo‐Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) at temperature range from 1373 K (1100 °C) to 1573 K (1300 °C). CO and CO2 gases released from the reaction measured by Infrared (IR) gas analyzer are used for kinetic analysis. Reaction rates at different temperatures are investigated by kinetic models considering Boudouard reaction and surface area change during the reduction reaction.

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“…In this study, the single restricted-link kinetic models were used to analyze the reduction of iron-bearing compounds in copper slag. When the interfacial chemical reaction is the controlling step of the reduction reaction, the kinetic model can be expressed as follows [37][38][39]:…”

Section: Reduction Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Iron from Copper Slag Using Coal-Based Direct Reduction: Reduction Characteristics and Kinetics

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2020

Minerals

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The Fe3O4 and Fe2SiO4 in copper slag were successfully reduced to metallic iron by coal-based direct reduction. Under the best reduction conditions of 1300 °C reduction temperature, 30 min reduction time, 35 wt.% coal dosage, and 20 wt.% CaO dosage (0.75 binary basicity), the Fe grade of obtained iron concentration achieved 91.55%, and the Fe recovery was 98.13%. The kinetic studies on reduction indicated that the reduction of copper slag was controlled by the interfacial reaction and carbon gasification at 1050 °C. When at a higher reduction temperature, the copper slag reduction was controlled by the diffusion of the gas. The integral kinetics model research illustrated that the reaction activation energy increased as the reduction of copper slag proceeded. The early reduction of Fe3O4 needed a low reaction activation energy. The subsequent reduction of Fe2SiO4 needed higher reaction activation energy compared with that of Fe3O4 reduction.

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Reduction characteristics and kinetics of iron oxide by carbon in biomass

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Investigation on the Reduction Behavior of Coal Composite Pellet at Temperatures between 1373 and 1573 K

Recovery of Iron from Copper Slag Using Coal-Based Direct Reduction: Reduction Characteristics and Kinetics

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