Reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms from implant materials in a diffusion dominated environment

Abstract

Antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads (CS-B) are used to treat biofilm-related periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). A previous study has shown that such beads are effective in reducing lawns biofilms grown on agar plates; however, the ability of CS-B to eradicate biofilms grown on solid orthopedic material surfaces has not been investigated. We grew biofilms of bioluminescent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen41 and a USA300 MRSA Staphylococcus aureus SAP231 on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE), hydroxyapatite (HA), and 316L stainless steel (SS) coupons for three days under static growth conditions, with daily nutrient exchange. The coupons were rinsed with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to remove planktonic bacteria and placed in a petri dish, surrounded by four either antibiotic vancomycin and tobramycin loaded (CS-B ) or unloaded beads (CS-B ). A thin layer of agar was overlaid to simulate a periprosthetic infection where an implant abuts soft tissue and then incubated for 72 h. The amount of biofilm was measured by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) for activity and viable cell count (CFUs). Coupons exposed to CS-B showed a significant reduction in the amount of biofilm within 24 h, regardless of the bacterial strain or material type. The coupons exposed to control CS-B had no effect on bacteria over 72 h. Statement of Clinical Significance: Antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads (CS-B) were effective in significantly reducing mature biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus from orthopedic relevant surfaces in our in vitro agar model. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.

The Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Laser Applications on Dental Implant Surfaces Contaminated with Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

“…Group B was subdivided into five groups ( n = 5) and all were contaminated with P. aeruginosa . Two reference strains, A. baumannii (ATCC BAA-1710) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), were grown on Luria–Bertani media (LB) at 37 °C and overnight cultures were used [20,26]. A suspension with 3 × 10 5 CFU/mL concentration was prepared by spectrophotometer.…”

Genomic analysis of a rare recurrent Listeria monocytogenes prosthetic joint infection indicates a protected niche within biofilm on prosthetic materials

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that shows the ability of L. monocytogenes to form biofilms on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene used for prosthetic implants. Polyethylene has been shown to support biofilms of two clinically significant organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus , and after antibiotic treatment, polyethylene showed no viable cells for these organisms from the material surfaces after a 24-h exposure 68 . However, the same study demonstrated that viable cells could be recovered from the antibiotic-treated biofilms after 72-h of exposure, implying a state of protection or dormancy of biofilm cells.…”

New developments and future challenges in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of prosthetic joint infection

“…The development of novel antibiotic or small molecule delivery systems may be a successful strategy to target biofilm formation and improve infection eradication. Both resorbable and nonresorbable antibiotic carriers such as polymethylmethacrylate or calcium sulfate, respectively, have been shown to increase local antibiotic concentrations well above MIC values for many different antibiotic combinations in vitro 115,116 . These local delivery systems are frequently used in the setting of PJI; however, there is no strong evidence to support their ability to improve eradication of clinical infection.…”

“…Both resorbable and nonresorbable antibiotic carriers such as polymethylmethacrylate or calcium sulfate, respectively, have been shown to increase local antibiotic concentrations well above MIC values for many different antibiotic combinations in vitro. 115,116 These local delivery systems are frequently used in the setting of PJI; however, there is no strong evidence to support their ability to improve eradication of clinical infection. For example, the use of gentamicin impregnated beads and/or sponges resulted in increased failure after debridement and implant retention for acute…”