Reduction in mortality and teratogenicity following simultaneous administration of folic acid and vitamin E with antiepileptic, antihypertensive and anti-allergic drugs

Abstract

Aim:The present study was designed to evaluate the teratogenic effects on breeding pattern in mice following administration of lamotrigine (LT) and levetiracetam (LV) and its combination with anti-hypertensive and anti-allergic drugs. Moreover, possibility of decrease in teratogenic effect was also evaluated upon simultaneous administration of these combinations with folic acid or vitamin E.Materials and Methods:The study was carried out on mature female mice housed in polycarbonate breeding cages. Drugs were administered continuously till the birth of neonates and pups were examined for any teratogenic potential of drugs.Results:The results of the study reveals that teratogenic effects of lamotrigine, methyldopa and loratadine (LTMLO) combination were seems to be reduced upon simultaneous administration with folic acid, while addition of vitamin E was found to be more effective in reducing the mortality rate of levetiracetam, methyldopa and loratadine combination.Conclusion:Teratogenic effects of LTMLO combination were better prevented by folic acid. However, further studies on large number of animals and humans are required before reaching to definite conclusion.

Lymphoepithelial Cyst of the Salivary Gland in a Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Positive Goat

“…The morphological and immunohistochemical features of the cystic lesion that was incidentally found adjacent to the salivary gland in the present goat supported a LEC diagnosis. Our observations were in line with previous human studies that reported LEC as an epithelial-lined cyst in a lymph node adjacent to or embedded in the major salivary gland [ 3 ]. Even though a cystic benign lymphoepithelial lesion has been more often found in the parotid glands in HIV-positive patients, there are some reports of a LEC of the submandibular gland also accompanying HIV infection [ 2 , 6 ].…”

“…The other theory suggests that reactive lymphoid proliferation occurs in the lymph nodes of the parotid gland or submandibular gland. The metaplasia in the salivary ducts is caused by the migration of HIV-infected cells, which indirectly leads to cyst formation [ 2 , 3 , 17 ].…”

“…A complete surgical removal remains the treatment of choice and generally has a good prognosis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related LEC is more prone to the transformation into B-cell lymphoma [ 2 , 3 ].…”

“…The diagnosis of HIV-associated LEC is usually established by the medical history, clinical appearance, blood tests for HIV, preoperative imaging, cytology (fine-needle aspiration), and histopathology (haematoxylin-eosin staining—HE) [ 2 , 3 , 9 ]. There are only a few reports that confirmed HIV-associated LEC via HIV-1 p24 immunohistochemical stainings [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

A possible correlation between diet, serum oxytetracycline concentration, and onset of reproductive disturbances in bitches: clinical observations and preliminary results

“…It is worth noting that folic acid, L-carnitine, and zinc are often associated with other substances in order to achieve a synergic effect on infertility reduction in humans and animals [20][21][22][23]. The systemic administration of a combination of vitamin E and folic acid counteracted oxidative damage and apoptosis in the uterine cells of a streptozotocininduced rat model [24], while several studies revealed the protective effect of folic acid on teratogenesis [25][26][27]. L-Carnitine seemed to be effective in preventing meiotic oocyte damage, significantly reducing reactive species of oxygen and apoptosis in porcine oocytes [28].…”