Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men

Ross, Robert; Dagnone, Damon; Jones, P. J.; Smith, Heidi; Paddags, Anne; Hudson, Robert; Janssen, Ian

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00008

Cited by 1,197 publications

(1,029 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Further, these results are applicable to postmenopausal women with Abdominal fat loss JA Kanaley et al type 2 diabetes, but we speculate that they are applicable to men and to non-diabetic individuals. In the present study, the women responded with a decrease in abdominal fat with exercise alone (and minimal weight loss) which is similar to earlier findings by Ross et al 14,15 in obese men. As men frequently have more visceral fat than women, it is possible that the pattern of fat loss may be even more disparate in men than women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Regional differences in abdominal fat loss

2006

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Objective: This study determined if the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol used alters the estimation of change in abdominal fat with weight loss in obese type 2 diabetic women. This study also examined if there is a uniform fat loss across the abdomen. Methods and procedures: Thirty-three obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (age 50-70 years, body mass index430 kg/m 2 ) had a total abdominal MRI scan pre-and post weight loss intervention. Three different MRI analysis protocols were used and compared: a single slice at L 2 -L 3 vs five slices (centered at L 4 -L 5 ) vs all abdominal slices. In addition, the total abdominal scan was divided into four regions (four slices each) with region 3 (critical region) including the traditionally studied L 2 -L 3 , and regions 1 and 2 superior and region 4 inferior to critical region 3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to compare the influence of weight loss on abdominal fat measured both regionally and using the varying number of MR slices. Results: At baseline, the ratio of visceral adipose tissue:subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT:SAT) was significantly lower using the single-slice method compared to five slices and the total abdomen (Po0.01). Using the single-slice method, a lower %VAT was found than with the other methods (Po0.01). In regions 1, 2, 3, and 4, the absolute change in total fat was 122750, 182748, 182755, and 155740 cm 3 , respectively. The regional difference in abdominal fat patterning revealed that the critical region (region 3) had a smaller VAT:SAT ratio than regions 1 and 2 (Po0.05), and the ratio at region 4 was smaller than region 3 (Po0.05). Weight loss resulted in a decrease in the VAT:SAT ratio (Po0.05) for regions 3 and 4 but not for regions 1 and 2. Conclusions: The number of MR slices analyzed yields differential result in relative VAT distribution. Regional differences in abdominal fat loss occur with a greater relative VAT loss in the critical region, thus if only the critical region is analyzed the overall VAT loss induced by weight loss intervention may be overestimated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Regional differences in abdominal fat loss

2006

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“…Combined with the observation that regular physical activity alone is associated with reductions in visceral and abdominal subcutaneous AT in the absence of weight loss (Ross et al, 2000Lee et al, 2005), these observation provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of abdominal adiposity and the reduction in health risk in the pediatric and adult populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal adiposity in youth

Lee

Arslanian

2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with lower abdominal adiposity in youth. Subjects included healthy 61 African-American and 52 white children and adolescents (age: 8-17 years). Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. CRF (VO 2max ) was assessed using a graded maximal treadmill test. CRF was inversely related (Po0.05) to total adiposity, waist circumference, and visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) independent of race. These findings remained significant (Po0.05) after adjusting for age, gender and pubertal status. Multiple regression analyses revealed that CRF is an independent contributor (Po0.05) of waist circumference, and visceral and abdominal subcutaneous AT after accounting for age, pubertal status, gender and body mass index percentile. Our observation suggest that in youth, CRF is associated with lower visceral and abdominal subcutaneous AT, and reinforces the notion that youth should engage in regular physical activity to improve aerobic fitness and reduce abdominal adiposity.

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“…There is Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in youth E Atlantis et al sufficient evidence in adult studies to show that reductions in central obesity can be seen following either aerobic 94,95 or weight-training 96 exercise without weight loss, whereas combined aerobic and weight-training exercise is more effective than aerobic exercise alone, 97 and exercise plus dietary restriction is more effective than dietary restriction alone. 98 As in adults, excessive visceral fat (central obesity) is associated with an increased disease risk in children and adolescents, particularly for components of the 'metabolic syndrome.'…”

Section: Central Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2006

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Background: Overweight prevalence among children/adolescents is increasing, while adult obesity may potentially cause a decline in life expectancy. More exercise is uniformly recommended, although treatment efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To determine the efficacy of exercise alone for treating overweight in children/adolescents. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials published in English were completed following multiple database searches performed on December 10, 2004. Studies of isolated or adjunctive exercise/physical activity treatment in overweight/obese children or adolescents which reported any overweight outcome were included. Literature searches identified 645 papers which were manually searched, of which 45 were considered for inclusion, of which 13 papers which reported 14 studies were included (N ¼ 481 overweight boys and girls, aged B12 years). Two reviewers independently identified relevant papers for potential inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Principal measures of effects included the mean difference (MD) (between treatment and control groups), the weighted MD (WMD), and the standardized MD (SMD). Results: Few studies were of robust design. The pooled SMD was À0.4 (À0.7, À0.1, P ¼ 0.006) for percent body fat, and À0.2 (À0.6, 0.1, P ¼ 0.07) for central obesity outcomes, whereas the pooled WMD was À2.7 kg (À6.1 kg, 0.8 kg, P ¼ 0.07) for body weight, all of which favored exercise. Pooled effects on body weight were significant and larger for studies of higher doses, whereas nonsignificant and smaller effects were seen for studies of lower doses of exercise (155-180 min/weeks vs 120-150 min/ weeks). Conclusions: Based on the small number of short-term randomized trials currently available, an aerobic exercise prescription of 155-180 min/weeks at moderate-to-high intensity is effective for reducing body fat in overweight children/adolescents, but effects on body weight and central obesity are inconclusive. Recommendations for future study designs are discussed.

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Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men

Abstract: Weight loss induced by increased daily physical activity without caloric restriction substantially reduces obesity (particularly abdominal obesity) and insulin resistance in men. Exercise without weight loss reduces abdominal fat and prevents further weight gain.

Cited by 1,197 publications

References 41 publications

Regional differences in abdominal fat loss

Regional differences in abdominal fat loss

Cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal adiposity in youth

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

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