Reduction of caecal
 Listeria monocytogenes
 in Leghorn chicks following treatment with a competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT
 ™
 )

Hume,; Byrd,; Stanker,; Ziprin,

doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00371.x

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…ϩ, clear halo of growth inhibition in at least one time point (results scored at 5,8,24, and 48 h of incubation); multiple ϩ, increased activity as assessed visually by the increased diameter of the inhibition zone; Ϫ, no inhibition; ϩ/Ϫ, reduction in growth intensity but not complete inhibition; v, results varied. All indicator strains were assayed at least twice.…”

Section: Indicator Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these current limitations, the administration of spores as feed additives as opposed to vegetative cells clearly distinguishes Bacillus probiotics from other bacterial probiotic formulations and offers a number of clear advantages. These include low cost of production, ease of preparation, resistance to production processes, and extended shelf-life over a wide range of temperatures.The use of competitive exclusion agents in the poultry industry has been described extensively in the prevention of several diseases caused by different avian pathogens, including zoonotic bacteria (1,24,40). However, the relatively undefined composition of some products and the uncertainty regarding their exact mechanisms of action have raised several ethical issues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of competitive exclusion agents in the poultry industry has been described extensively in the prevention of several diseases caused by different avian pathogens, including zoonotic bacteria (1,24,40). However, the relatively undefined composition of some products and the uncertainty regarding their exact mechanisms of action have raised several ethical issues.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Screening for Bacillus Isolates in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

Barbosa

Serra

Ragione

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

343

247

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Spores from a number of different Bacillus species are currently being used as human and animal probiotics, although their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here we describe the isolation of 237 presumptive gut-associated Bacillus spp. isolates that were obtained by heat and ethanol treatment of fecal material from organically reared broilers followed by aerobic plating. Thirty-one representative isolates were characterized according to their morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties as well as partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and screening for the presence of plasmid DNA. The Bacillus species identified included B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. clausii, B. megaterium, B. firmus, and species of the B. cereus group, whereas a number of our isolates could not be classified. Intrinsic properties of potential importance for survival in the gut that could be advantageous for spore-forming probiotics were further investigated for seven isolates belonging to five different species. All isolates sporulated efficiently in the laboratory, and the resulting spores were tolerant to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. They also exhibited antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including food spoilage and pathogenic organisms such as Bacillus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Importantly, the isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested, arguing that they would not act as donors for resistance determinants if introduced in the form of probiotic preparations. Together, our results suggest that some of the sporeformers isolated in this study have the potential to persist in or transiently associate with the complex gut ecosystem.The widespread use of antibiotics as therapeutic and prophylactic agents and as growth promoters in animal husbandry has led to a worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance and the emergence of untreatable multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria (4, 33). This has prompted the European Union to phase out the use of these compounds as animal feed additives by 2006 (47). The use of competitive exclusion agents and probiotic feed additives in the livestock industry is therefore attracting increased attention as a cost-effective alternative to controlling animal disease and improving breeding performance (54).The genus Bacillus comprises a diverse collection of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria whose spores consist of several protective layers surrounding the nucleoid in the spore core (20, 51). This structural organization makes the spores extremely resistant to external physical and chemical insults and in part determines their exceptional longevity in the environment (20, 38). The resilient and ubiquitous nature of these bacteria results in considerable daily intake of these organisms by humans and animals. This ingestion, which is often in the form of spores, occurs primarily through contaminated food and water.Bacillus spores are being used as human and animal probiotics...

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Section: Indicator Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening for Bacillus Isolates in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

Barbosa

Serra

Ragione

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

343

247

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“…The CE concept was applied to other bacterial species such as Campylobacter sp. (Aho et al, 1992;Schoeni and Doyle, 1992), C. perfringens (Fukata et al, 1991;Hofacre et al, 2002), Listeria monocytogenes (Hume et al, 1998), and pathogenic E. coli (Stavric et (Carlier at al., 2010), and Bacteroides sp. have been included as a mixture prepared from defined bacteria (Impey et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurmi-type Culture Prepared using Culture Media without L-Cysteine Enhances Salmonella Exclusion in Hatched Layer Chicks

et al. 2016

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To determine the influence of media composition on Salmonella exclusion of Nurmi-type cultures, two and four types of cultures in the first and second trial, respectively, were prepared from the cecal contents of conventional laying hens, and Salmonella exclusion was assessed in newly hatched chicks. In the first trial, modified Viande Levure (VL) broth or nutrient broth (NB) were used to prepare Nurmi-type cultures (N-VL and N-NB), which were administered to the newly hatched chicks. Twenty-four hours later, the chicks were challenged with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium EF85-9 (ST). ST recoveries (log 10 colony forming units/g of cecal contents) from the N-VL-, N-NB-, and control-treated groups 5 days after the challenge were 7.6±0.6, 0.9±1.9, and 7.7±0.4, respectively. The results suggested the influence of L-cysteine (Cys) present in the VL broth. Thus, we determined the effect of Cys in the second trial. We prepared two other cultures using VL broth without Cys (N-VL−Cys) and NB with Cys (NNB＋Cys). ST recoveries from the cecal contents of the N-VL-, N-VL−Cys-, and control-treated groups were 6.3± 0.9, 2.1±2.5, and 9.2±0.8, respectively. ST was not recovered from the N-NB-and N-NB＋Cys-treated groups. To identify bacteria with Salmonella exclusion activity, we isolated 41 bacterial strains from the ceca of N-NB-treated chicks without Salmonella challenge. Most isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis or E. mundtii based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and only four cultures excluded Salmonella. Therefore, VL broth containing Cys was not always required for preparing Nurmi-type cultures. The use of media prepared with Cys at the lowest possible concentration or without Cys would promote to enhance Salmonella exclusion from Nurmi-type cultures.

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“…Preempt TM was used to prevent L. monocytogenes colonization of the cecae in Leghorn chickens by application before oral challenge with the pathogen. Efficacy was 100% in a flock of 50 chicks (25 tested and 25 used as controls) [22]. Although some strains of E. coli are pathogenic for humans, and poultry is a minor source, CE products do provide some protection of chickens from colonization by exogenous E. coli isolates, as observed in a study using fecal cultures as CE products in broilers and layers [23].…”

Section: Evidence For Efficacy Of Ce Productsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Efficacy and food safety considerations of poultry competitive exclusion products

Wagner

2006

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Competitive exclusion (CE) products are anaerobic cultures of bacteria that are applied to poultry hatchlings to establish a protective enteric microbiota that excludes intestinal colonization by human food-borne pathogens. For safety of the poultry flock and human consumers, the identities of bacteria in CE products need to be known. A CE product is a culture of intestinal contents from adult chickens. It may be microbiologically defined by analysis of bacteria isolated from the culture, but many bacteria are hard to reliably isolate, identify, and characterize with conventional techniques. Sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes may be more reliable than conventional techniques to identify CE bacteria. Bacteria in CE products may contain antimicrobial drug resistance and virulence mechanisms that could be transferred to the enteric bacteria of the food animal and to the human consumer. Detection methods for specific antimicrobial drug resistance and virulence genes and the integrase genes of conjugative transposons, mostly utilizing PCR technology, are being developed that can be applied to assess these risks in CE bacteria. With improvements in efficacy, bacterial identification, and detection and control of the possible risks of gene transfer, CE product technology can be made a more effective food safety tool.

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Reduction of caecal Listeria monocytogenes in Leghorn chicks following treatment with a competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT ^™ )

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Screening for Bacillus Isolates in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

Screening for Bacillus Isolates in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

Nurmi-type Culture Prepared using Culture Media without <sub>L</sub>-Cysteine Enhances <i>Salmonella </i>Exclusion in Hatched Layer Chicks

Efficacy and food safety considerations of poultry competitive exclusion products

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Reduction of caecal Listeria monocytogenes in Leghorn chicks following treatment with a competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT ™ )

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Screening for Bacillus Isolates in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

Screening for Bacillus Isolates in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

Nurmi-type Culture Prepared using Culture Media without <sub>L</sub>-Cysteine Enhances <i>Salmonella </i>Exclusion in Hatched Layer Chicks

Efficacy and food safety considerations of poultry competitive exclusion products

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Reduction of caecal Listeria monocytogenes in Leghorn chicks following treatment with a competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT ^™ )