Reduction of chromate in dilute solution using hydrogen in a GBC-cell

Wijnbelt, E.C.W.; Janssen, Ljj Jos

doi:10.1007/bf00241195

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This process offers detoxification without chemical reducing agents, minimization of salt freight and a lower sludge production. This technology has been under investigation for many years using either planar electrodes [1][2][3][4], mesh type electrodes [3,5] or packed beds with granular carbon [6][7][8][9]. Ibl and Frei [4] reported promising results with two-dimensional electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical reduction of dilute chromate solutions on carbon felt electrodes

Frenzel¹,

Holdik²,

Barmashenko³

et al. 2005

J Appl Electrochem

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Carbon felt is a potential material for electrochemical reduction of chromates. Very dilute solutions may be efficiently treated due to its large specific surface area and high porosity. In this work, the up-scaling of this technology is investigated using a new type of separated cell and once-through flow of industrial rinse water. A significant enhancement of the process is obtained due to copper deposition during long-term operation. The co-deposition and re-solution of copper occurs depending on the inlet chromate concentration. When previously deposited copper is present a current-free reduction of chromate takes place resulting in current efficiencies apparently above 100%. Very high space time yields are obtained even for effluents at low concentration and optimised conditions (high flow rates and pH 2). The economic feasibility of the technology is also considered. Continuous, single-pass operation results in lower energy requirements than batch processing. The economic potential of the process is also evaluated in comparison with chemical detoxification of chromate. The operating costs for the electrochemical treatment of very dilute effluents on a carbon felt electrode are 30% lower than for the chemical method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical reduction of dilute chromate solutions on carbon felt electrodes

Frenzel¹,

Holdik²,

Barmashenko³

et al. 2005

J Appl Electrochem

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“…One possible device is the undivided gas diffusion electrode packed bed electrode-cell (GBC-cell) which can be used to treat chromate using hydrogen [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical reduction of nickel ions from dilute solutions

Njau

Janssen

1995

J Appl Electrochem

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Electrochemical reduction of nickel ions in dilute solution using a divided GBC-cell is of interest for purification of waste waters. A typical solution to be treated is the effluent from steel etching processes which contain low quantities of nickel, chromate and chromium ions. Reduction of chromate in a divided GBC-cell results in effluent containing Cr 3+ ions. This paper examines the limitations to further treatment of the effluent by electrochemical reduction of nickel ions. Nickel current efficiency has been determined by varying temperature, pH, current density and concentration of supporting electrolyte. It was found that the presence of a complexing agent, e.g. NH~-is necessary. To deposit nickel, complete removal of Cr 3+ ions from the solution is inevitable. Optimum nickel current efficiencies are obtained at pH 5 and current density 10 mA cm -2.

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“…An electrochemical reactor has been proposed by Janssen et al, called the gas diffusion electrode packed-bed electrode cell (GBC) reactor [24,25]. Wijnbelt and Janssen [26] tested the performance of this reactor in the reduction of hexavalent chromium. The reactor is based on catalytic hydrogen oxidation at the anode and simultaneous reduction of ionic species on a packed-bed cathode.…”

Section: Removal Of Hexavalent Chromium From Industrial Process Solutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrogenerative Processes for Environmental Applications

Yap

Mohamed²

2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The applications of electrogenerative processes which could be an alternative to current environmental treatment technologies are briefly reviewed. This process does not require an external supply of energy due to the spontaneous chemical reaction that takes place in the reactor and generates an external flow of current as a by-product. The operation is attractive in reducing operational costs, especially when dealing with solutions of low ion concentrations. Electrogenerative reactors which can be operated in various configurations and their designs are described. The rate and selectivity for particular reactions can be controlled by varying electrode potentials and with suitable choices of electrodes. This review paper aims to invoke the interest of industries to consider the merits of electrogenerative processes as a replacement for the current processes and practices. The applications of electrogenerative processes to the removal and recovery of metal ions, electrosynthesis of organic chemicals and leaching of sulfide minerals are discussed.

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Reduction of chromate in dilute solution using hydrogen in a GBC-cell

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Electrochemical reduction of dilute chromate solutions on carbon felt electrodes

Electrochemical reduction of dilute chromate solutions on carbon felt electrodes

Electrochemical reduction of nickel ions from dilute solutions

Electrogenerative Processes for Environmental Applications

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