Reduction of facial wrinkles by hydrolyzed water-soluble egg membrane associated with reduction of free radical stress and support of matrix production by dermal fibroblasts

Abstract

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of water-soluble egg membrane (WSEM) on wrinkle reduction in a clinical pilot study and to elucidate specific mechanisms of action using primary human immune and dermal cell-based bioassays.MethodsTo evaluate the effects of topical application of WSEM (8%) on human skin, an open-label 8-week study was performed involving 20 healthy females between the age of 45 years and 65 years. High-resolution photography and digital analysis were used to evaluate the wrinkle depth in the facial skin areas beside the eye (crow’s feet). WSEM was tested for total antioxidant capacity and effects on the formation of reactive oxygen species by human polymorphonuclear cells. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the antioxidant response element genes Nqo1, Gclm, Gclc, and Hmox1. Evaluation of effects on human primary dermal fibroblasts in vitro included cellular viability and production of the matrix components collagen and elastin.ResultsTopical use of a WSEM-containing facial cream for 8 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of wrinkle depth (P<0.05). WSEM contained antioxidants and reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells in vitro. Despite lack of a quantifiable effect on Nrf2, WSEM induced the gene expression of downstream Nqo1, Gclm, Gclc, and Hmox1 in human keratinocytes. Human dermal fibroblasts treated with WSEM produced more collagen and elastin than untreated cells or cells treated with dbcAMP control. The increase in collagen production was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe topical use of WSEM on facial skin significantly reduced the wrinkle depth. The underlying mechanisms of this effect may be related to protection from free radical damage at the cellular level and induction of several antioxidant response elements, combined with stimulation of human dermal fibroblasts to secrete high levels of matrix components.

Water-soluble egg membrane enhances the immunoactivating properties of an <em>Aloe vera</em>-based extract of <em>Nerium oleander</em> leaves

“…Reduced CD69 expression of inflammatory PMN cells by BL is seen in the context of previously published results on each ingredient’s capacity to reduce formation of reactive oxygen species 12,21. This anti-inflammatory property was further substantiated by the induction of IL-4 and IL-10 production in the cultures.…”

“…The induction of IL-1β and TNFα is known to also trigger hyaluronic acid synthases in skin tissue,32 thus contributing to intrinsic hyaluronic acid production, associated with improved skin hydration and function. Potential wrinkle-reducing effects of topical use of BL may be associated with a combination of the intrinsic effects of WSEM directly on matrix deposition by skin cells21 and the induction of cytokines by skin-residing immune cells.…”

“…Of specific relevance for the work reported here, a hydrolyzed WSEM product triggered upregulation of antioxidant-response elements in human keratinocytes, and significantly reduced production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in vitro. Furthermore, human dermal fibroblasts treated with WSEM in vitro showed increase in the production and secretion of collagen and elastin 21. These properties suggest several modes of action for the reduction of facial wrinkles, seen in a recently completed clinical study, where significant changes in wrinkle contours of facial skin wrinkles were documented after 8 weeks of topical use 21.…”

“…Furthermore, human dermal fibroblasts treated with WSEM in vitro showed increase in the production and secretion of collagen and elastin 21. These properties suggest several modes of action for the reduction of facial wrinkles, seen in a recently completed clinical study, where significant changes in wrinkle contours of facial skin wrinkles were documented after 8 weeks of topical use 21. The potential for synergistic biological effects of the plant-based NAE-8i and the EM-based WSEM is therefore pertinent and the driving reason for the testing reported in this paper.…”

State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry

“…ESM contains an abundance of antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and other bioactive proteins, peptides, amino acids, collagen-like proteins, enzymes, and glycosaminoglycans (Yamauchi et al, 2013 ; Yoo et al, 2014 ; Benson et al, 2016 ; Jensen et al, 2016 ; Ahmed et al, 2017 , 2019a , b ; Niu et al, 2017 ; Dubourdieu, 2019 ; Gautron et al, 2019 ; Zhao et al, 2019b ; Zhu, 2020 ). Each of them can have a pronounced influence on wound healing as a biologically active compound.…”