Reduction of filler networking in silica based elastomeric nanocomposites with exfoliated organo-montmorillonite

Galimberti, Maurizio; Cipolletti, V.; Cioppa, Serena; Lostritto, Angela; Conzatti, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.017

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The excess or residual of cationic surfactant acts as a plasticizer , causing the reduction of G ′. This plasticizing effect is similar to the previous reports on the use of quaternary ammonium salt and ionic liquid . Figure b shows loss tangent or tan δ of NR‐MMT with different cationic surfactant loading.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Cure characteristics of NR‐MMT compounds having different amount of cationic surfactant are summarized in Table in comparison with those of the unfilled NR. The minimum torques ( M L ) and maximum torques ( M H ) of unfilled NR show no clear trend with increasing cationic surfactant loadings, but the values of NR‐MMT compounds tend to decrease with increasing amount of cationic surfactant due to the plasticizing effect of surfactant . The addition of MMT increases the minimum torques which indicate the increased compound viscosity due to the presence of solid filler.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The organomodified MMT up to 25 phr was completely exfoliated with enhanced mechanical properties and aging resistance. However, the excess loading of the cationic surfactant showed a plasticizing effect which resulted in the decrease of mechanical and dynamic properties of the rubber‐clay nanocomposites . Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of cationic surfactant loading in order to justify an optimum condition for rubber‐clay nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersion and properties of natural rubber‐montmorillonite nanocomposites fabricated by novel in situ organomodified and latex compounding method

Fathurrohman

Rugmai

Hayeemasae

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Natural rubber (NR)-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by a novel in situ organomodified and latex compounding method, followed by melt compounding technique. Effects of cationic surfactant on MMT dispersion, curing characteristic, mechanical, and dynamical properties were investigated. The number of layers in the layered MMT stack was determined by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS). The dispersion of MMT tends to form high ordered structure in NR-MMT masterbatch when cationic surfactant of more than 4 phr was used. The morphology of Na-MMT shows partly intercalated and exfoliated structure in the matrix after mixing and hot pressing process with reduced number of layers compared to the pristine MMT. The use of cationic surfactant over 4 phr introduces a plasticizing effect resulting in the reduction of crosslink density, hardness and modulus, but increase in tensile strength due to higher interfacial adhesion between NR and MMT as determined by Maeir-Goritz model and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The optimum cationic surfactant loading is observed at 4 phr with the highest stable bonds, which result in the highest crosslink density, tear strength and storage modulus while the lowest Payne effect and tan delta at 60 C.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersion and properties of natural rubber‐montmorillonite nanocomposites fabricated by novel in situ organomodified and latex compounding method

Fathurrohman

Rugmai

Hayeemasae

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…e vulcanizate-containing silica/SRSO hybrid filler also showed enhancement of dynamic properties, beneficial for tire tread applications. e reduction of filler networking in silica-based elastomeric nanocomposites with exfoliated organomontmorillonite resulted in improved mechanical reinforcement and reduced energy dissipation and thus fuel consumption and carbon footprint [26]. e present work aims at a synergistic effect of silica with different additional fillers in order to shift tire performance with respect to wet grip and rolling resistance for fuel savings, respectively, towards a better abrasion resistance, all characterized by the dynamic mechanical properties of the vulcanized compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Synergistic Effects by Addition of Small Amounts of Secondary Fillers to Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds

Sattayanurak

Noordermeer

Sahakaro

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Modern fuel-saving tire treads are commonly reinforced by silica due to the fact that this leads to lower rolling resistance and higher wet grip compared to carbon black-filled alternatives. The introduction of secondary fillers into the silica-reinforced tread compounds, often named hybrid fillers, may have the potential to improve tire performance further. In the present work, two secondary fillers organoclay nanofiller and N134 carbon black were added to silica-based natural rubber compounds at a proportion of silica/secondary filler of 45/10 phr. The compounds were prepared with variable mixing temperatures based on the mixing procedure commonly in use for silica-filled NR systems. The results of Mooney viscosity, Payne effect, cure behavior, and mechanical properties imply that the silica hydrophobation and coupling reaction of the silane coupling agent with silica and elastomer are significantly influenced by organoclay due to an effect of its modifier: an organic ammonium derivative. This has an effect on scorch safety and cure rate. The compounds where carbon black was added as a secondary filler do not show this behavior. They give inferior filler dispersion compared to the pure silica-filled compound, attributed to an inappropriate high mixing temperature and the high specific surface area of the carbon black used. The dynamic properties indicate that there is a potential to improve wet traction and rolling resistance of a tire tread when using organoclay as secondary filler, while the combination of carbon black in silica-filled NR does not change these properties.

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“…There is a growing interest to use a filler combination or hybrid fillers making use of the benefits provided by the individual components. Silica has been used in combination with secondary fillers such as China clay [13], montmorillonite [14,15], kaolin [16], organically modified nanoclay [17] and CB [18][19][20][21][22][23] aiming for a synergistic effect on the rubber properties. The simplest combination should be silica/CB as both types of fillers are already commonly used in tire compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect by high specific surface area carbon black as secondary filler in silica reinforced natural rubber tire tread compounds

et al. 2020

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The partial replacement of silica by high specific surface area and high structure Carbon Black (CB) N134 as secondary filler, keeping the same total filler content at 55 phr, shows a clear synergistic effect on overall performance. At low content of CB, i.e. in the range of 0-36 wt% of CB relative to total filler amount, the Payne effect and tan delta at both 0 � C and 60 � C change marginally, but thereafter gradually increase. Cure times are shortened in the presence of CB, facilitating an increase of productivity. Bound rubber content and mechanical properties show an optimum at 18 wt% of CB relative to total filler amount or at a ratio of silica/CB 45/10 phr. With regard to tire performance as indicated by the laboratory test results, the abrasion resistance, wet grip and ice traction can therefore be enhanced while maintaining the tire rolling resistance at the optimum level for this silica/CB ratio.

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Reduction of filler networking in silica based elastomeric nanocomposites with exfoliated organo-montmorillonite

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Dispersion and properties of natural rubber‐montmorillonite nanocomposites fabricated by novel in situ organomodified and latex compounding method

Dispersion and properties of natural rubber‐montmorillonite nanocomposites fabricated by novel in situ organomodified and latex compounding method

Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Synergistic Effects by Addition of Small Amounts of Secondary Fillers to Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds

Synergistic effect by high specific surface area carbon black as secondary filler in silica reinforced natural rubber tire tread compounds

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