Reduction of future disaster damages by learning from disaster experiences

Onuma, Hiroki; Shin, Kong Joo; Managi, Shunsuke

doi:10.1007/s11069-017-2825-3

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In Shreve and Kelman (2014), extremely high BCRs are reported for drought reduction measures in the Sudan and flood protection measures in India and the Philippines. Similar results are presented in Onuma et al (2017aOnuma et al ( , 2017b, a study showing that experience of a disaster reduces the impact of future disasters more in in lower-income than in higher-income countries. However, the optimality of an adaptation policy or measure cannot be evaluated based on the BCR: in Figure 1 the BCR is maximised at Q 1 ,which corresponds to underadaptation.…”

Section: Economic Definition Of Over-adaptation To Climate Changesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The literature (Onuma et al 2016;Onuma et al 2017aOnuma et al , 2017b shows that CCA and DRR are often dynamic processes, as both individuals and societies learn from past disasters and increase their preparedness. In our case, the high impact storms in 2006, 2010 and 2011 clearly had an impact on public policy, and these experiences were part of the knowledge base informing the regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overadaptation to Climate Change? The Case of the 2013 Finnish Electricity Market Act

et al. 2019

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In this paper, we put forward a definition of over-adaptation in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) projects. We detail an illustrative case in which the response to extreme weather risk while aligned with the goals of CCA, is implemented beyond the economically efficient scale. We undertake a cost-benefit analysis of the 2013 Finnish Electricity Market Act, enacted partially as a reaction to long, storm-induced electricity blackouts experienced after 2000. The Act imposes strict requirements on electricity distribution companies as regards the duration of blackouts. Meeting these requirements entails investments amounting to billions of euros. As a benefit, we quantify the avoided cost from the blackouts for households and producers. Our results, derived from Monte-Carlo simulations, show that for urban areas, the net expected value is positive. However, in rural areas less strict requirements could have been economically more efficient. Our results indicate that distributional impacts and correspondence between those who benefit and those who pay the costs should be taken into account in DRR and CCA policies that require large-scale investments. We also note that the population affected by a disaster may not accept DRR and CCA that are successful in terms of regulation and implementation. This applies when societal and individual preferences do not coincide.

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Section: Economic Definition Of Over-adaptation To Climate Changesupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overadaptation to Climate Change? The Case of the 2013 Finnish Electricity Market Act

et al. 2019

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“…There are opposite trends for developed/high-income and undeveloped/low-income countries. Despite the fact that, in lower-income countries, the adaptation of “learning from the past” seems stronger, the average death tolls are still higher than those in higher-income countries [ 10 , 11 ]. In developed countries, moderate decreases in flood fatality were reported in Switzerland [ 12 ], Australia [ 13 ] and Greece [ 14 ].…”

Section: Literature On Flood and Landslide Fatalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

Petrucci

Salvati

Aceto

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Background: Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are severe weather periods during which floods, landslides, lightning, windstorms, hail or storm surges can harm people. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency/intensity of DHEs and, consequently, the potential harm to people. Method: We investigated the impacts of DHEs on people in Calabria (Italy) over 37 years (1980–2016). Data on 7288 people physically affected by DHEs were gathered from the systematic analysis of regional newspapers and collected in the database named PEOPLE. The damage was codified in three severity levels as follows: fatalities (people who were killed), injured (people who suffered physical harm) and involved (people who were present at the place where an accident occurred but survived and were not harmed). During the study period, we recorded 68 fatalities, 566 injured and 6654 people involved in the events. Results: Males were more frequently killed, injured and involved than females, and females who suffered fatalities were older than males who suffered fatalities, perhaps indicating that younger females tended to be more cautious than same-aged males, while older females showed an intrinsic greater vulnerability. Involved people were younger than injured people and fatalities, suggesting that younger people show greater promptness in reacting to dangerous situations. Floods caused the majority of the fatalities, injured and involved people, followed by landslides. Lightning was the most dangerous phenomenon, and it affected a relatively low number of people, killing 11.63% of them and causing injuries to 37.2%. Fatalities and injuries mainly occurred outdoors, largely along roads. In contrast, people indoors, essentially in public or private buildings, were more frequently involved without suffering harm. Being “dragged by water/mud” and “surrounded by water/mud”, respectively, represented the two extremes of dynamic dangerousness. The dragging effect of rapid-flowing water totally or partially obstructed the attempts of people to save their lives. In contrast, people surrounded by steady water/mud encountered difficulties but ultimately could survive. Conclusions: The study outcomes can be used in informational campaigns to increase risk awareness among both administrators and citizens and to improve community resilience, particularly in promoting self-protective behaviors and avoiding the underestimation of hazardous situations.

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“…Along the same lines of thinking, other studies (Zou and Wei 2010;IPCC 2014a) conclude that LDCs are particularly vulnerable due to the fragility of human settlements, low incomes, weak infrastructure and institutions, and a low level of capacity for coping with climate change. The effect of past disaster experiences and corresponding capabilities to reduce natural damages have however been found to be stronger for lower income countries compared to high income countries (Onuma et al 2017). In this light, we therefore emphasize the importance in studying the impacts and implications of extreme events in LDCs despite uncertainties and limitations in data quality and availability, as well as the inherent challenges in implementing adaptation practices such as within-country priorities and entry points, as put forward by (Conway and Mustelin 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Climate change risks for severe storms in developing countries in the context of poverty and inequality in Cambodia

Halsnæs¹,

Larsen²,

Kaspersen³

2018

Nat Hazards

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Reduction of future disaster damages by learning from disaster experiences

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Overadaptation to Climate Change? The Case of the 2013 Finnish Electricity Market Act

Overadaptation to Climate Change? The Case of the 2013 Finnish Electricity Market Act

The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)

Climate change risks for severe storms in developing countries in the context of poverty and inequality in Cambodia

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