Reduction of Oxygen Consumption During Cardiac Inhibition

Garrey, Walter E.; Boykin, James T.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1934.109.2.286

Cited by 3 publications

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The genesis of inhibition of the cardiac ganglion of limulus by stimuli of increasing frequency

Garrey

Knowlton

1935

J. Cell. Comp. Physiol.

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The nature of inhibition, whether peripheral or central, remains obscure despite the many sided experimental approaches to the problems by investigators too numerous to mention, vide Howell ('25). The concepts of central inhibition are the result of studies conducted chiefly on vertebrate reflexes where physiological complexity makes analysis difficult if not impossible. Simpler relationships, both anatomi-. cal and physiological, make the ganglionic cord of the heart of Limulus attractive for investigation in this connection. It has been shown that typical inhibition of the autogenous rhythm of the ganglionic impulses results upon faradic stimulation of certain nerve fibers afferent t o the ganglion, and also that direct faradization of the ganglion causes inhibition (Carlson, '04, '05). This latter fact was the initial point of interest which led to the present report. We are familiar with the fact that a single stimulus, either electrical or mechanical, results in a ganglionic discharge and an extra-systole of the of the heart (Garrey, '30; Xamojloff, '30) and the problem before us is to determine how repetition of stimuli, as in faradization, passes from stimulation over into inhibitionwhether we are dealing with two separate and distinct processes or with two phases of a single process.

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The genesis of inhibition of the cardiac ganglion of limulus by stimuli of increasing frequency

Garrey

Knowlton

1935

J. Cell. Comp. Physiol.

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Cardiovascular Effects of Choline Esters

Rand

Stafford

1967

The Nervous System

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The Action of Acetylcholine on the Rabbit Auricle*

Webb

1950

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The problem of the exact site and mechanism of action of acetylcholine on cardiac muscle is a difficult one. It is probable that it will eventually be solved, not by one experiment, but by the gradual accumulation of accurate quantitative evidence and a consideration of this information against a physico-chemical background. It is doubtful whether there is as yet sufficient accurate information to solve this problem basically. The present investigation was an attempt to obtain such evidence as may be useful in the future for this general synthesis. Some slight advance has been made in this investigation and some confused points have been cleared up, but the ultimate answers are still far distant. It is only by a manysided attack that we shall ultimately be able to solve such complex and fundamental problems, and it is hoped that the results of the present work will contribute to the final solution. METHODSThe methods used and the manner of reporting the results are identical with those described in a previous report (Webb, 1950). All experiments were performed on rabbit auricles beating spontaneously in Tyrode solution at 300 C. The concentrations of such substances as acetylcholine and adrenaline are given on the weight/volume basis since this is customary, but it is felt that for many considerations the molarities should be used. For convenience, the equivalent molarities for the salts used are given here. Acetylcholine chloride (1:107 = 5.5 x 107 M), carbachol chloride (1: 107 = 5.4 x 10-7 M), choline chloride (1: I04 = 7.2 x 10-4 M), pilocarpine nitrate (1: 106 = 3.7 x 106 M), physostigmine sulphate (1:106 = 3.1 x 106 M), adrenaline hydrochloride (1: 107 = 4.6 x 107 M), and atropine sulphate (1:106 = 3.0 x 10-6 M). RESULTSAction of a standard concentration of acetylcholine on the auricle The concentration of acetylcholine chloride usually employed in these experiments was 10-7. This concentration produced in most auricles a definite depression of both the rate and the amplitude. During the course of the year, 260 tests with this concentration were made on the normal auricles from 39 rabbits: the mean percentage changes and their standard deviations were: rate, -14.2 and + 9.51; ampli-* This investigation was carried out during the tenure of a Fellowship granted by the

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Reduction of Oxygen Consumption During Cardiac Inhibition

Cited by 3 publications

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The genesis of inhibition of the cardiac ganglion of limulus by stimuli of increasing frequency

The genesis of inhibition of the cardiac ganglion of limulus by stimuli of increasing frequency

Cardiovascular Effects of Choline Esters

The Action of Acetylcholine on the Rabbit Auricle*

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