Reduction of the Positive Organic Artifact on Quartz Filters

Fitz, Dennis R.

doi:10.1080/02786829008959334

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two successful denuder systems for the removal of gas-phase organic compounds are the Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (BOSS) (16) and the Integrated Organic Vapor-Particle Sampler (IOVPS) (17) and its larger versions, the Integrated Organic Gas and Particulate Sampler (IOGAPS) (18,19). The BOSS denuder is based on Fitz' parallel-plate diffusion battery design (20) and has parallel strips of charcoal impregnated filter paper. The IOVPS and IOGAPS use denuders that are coated with very finely ground XAD-4, an extractable, porous, macroreticular, nonpolar, polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin, with high surface area (725 m 2 g -1 ) for adsorption of a wide range of SVOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler

Pang

Gundel

Larson

et al. 2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Accurate measurement of personal exposure to particulate matter and its constituents requires samplers that are accurate, compact, lightweight, inexpensive, and convenient to use. The Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler (PPOMS) has been developed to meet these criteria. The PPOMS uses activated carbon-impregnated foam as a combined 2.5-µm size-selective inlet and denuder for assessment of fine particle mass and organic carbon. Proof of the PPOMS concept has been established by comparing mass and organic carbon in particles collected with collocated samplers in Seattle, at a central outdoor site, and in residences. Daily particulate mass concentrations averaged 10.0±5.2, 12.0±5.3, and 11.2±5.1 µg m -3 for the Federal Reference Method, the Harvard Personal Exposure Monitor, and the PPOMS, respectively, for 10 24-h sampling periods. During a series of PM 2.5 indoor organic carbon (OC) measurements from single quartz filters, the apparent indoor OC averaged 7.7±0.8 µg of C m -3 , which was close to the indoor PM 2.5 mass from collocated Teflon filters (7.3±2.3 µg of C m -3 ), indicating the presence of a large positive OC artifact. In collocated measurements, the PPOMS eliminated this artifact just as well as the Integrated Gas and Particle Sampler that incorporated a macroreticular polystyrene-divinylbenzene (XAD-4) resin-coated denuder, yielding OC concentrations of 2.5 ± 0.4 and 2.4 ± 1.0 µg C m -3 , respectively. Thermal analysis for OC indicated that the indoor positive artifact was due to adsorption of gas-phase semivolatile organic compounds SVOC. This study shows that the PPOMS design provides a 2.5-µm size-selective inlet that also prevents the adsorption of gas-phase SVOC onto quartz filters, thus eliminating the filter positive artifact. The PPOMS meets a significant current challenge for indoor and personal sampling of particulate organic carbon. The PPOMS design can also simplify accurate ambient sampling for PM 2.5 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler

Pang

Gundel

Larson

et al. 2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The first channel was equipped with a quartz-fiber filter denuder system which sampled carbonaceous material at a flow rate of 20 L/min. The quartz/fiber denuder system was used to remove organic vapors from the sample stream which are adsorbed by quartz filters (Fitz, 1990). Downstream of the denuder, a prefired quartz-fiber filter col- lected samples for organic and elemental carbon analyses, and there was a prefired quartz-fiber backup filter for carbon analysis and to evaluate the efficiencies of the denuder and prefilter.…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM₁₀and PM_2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley

Chow

Watson

Lowenthal

et al. 1993

Aerosol Science and Technology

191

110

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PM,, (particles < 10 y m in aerodynamic diameter) and PM,,, (particles < 2.5 y m in aerodynamic diameter) mass, elements, water-soluble nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and organic and elemental carbon were determined in 24-h aerosol samples collected during this period. Federal and state standards for PM,, were exceeded a t both urban and nonurhan sites. PM,, concentrations were generally highest during winter and were dominated by PM,, during this time. The coarse (PM1, minus PM,.,) aerosol fraction constituted more than half of PM,, mass during the summer and fall.PM,, concentrations of secondary ammonium nitrate were elevated during the winter a t all sites. Conversely, concentrations of coarse particle iron, indicative of geologically related dust, were higher under less humid conditions during the summer and fall. Regionwide meteorological and chemical transformation processes influence the secondary (nitrate and sulfate) components of PM,,. Elevated concentrations of coarse-particle dust, however, appear to originate from local emissions, such as agricultural and transportation-related activities, as well as region-wide emissions.

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“…As the concentrations of soluble calcium in the aerosol samples were very low, TC can be ascribed to as "noncarbonate carbon" (i.e., the sum of black carbon and organic carbon). Sampling of organic compounds with quartz filters may lead to "positive" or "negative" artifacts [e.g., Appel et al, 1989;Fitz, 1990]. In Nylsvley samples the TC on the back filter was about 10% of the total TC from front and back filter (A. Limbeck and H. Puxbaum, unpublished data, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass balance of the atmospheric aerosol in a South African subtropical savanna (Nylsvley, May 1997)

Puxbaum¹,

Rendl²,

Allabashi³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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(CI-, NO•-, SO42-, oxalate, NH•-, Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Mg2+), trace metals and crustal elements (Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cu, Ag, Cd), "black carbon" (BC), total carbon (TC); and in selected samples for aerosol humidity, for mono-and dicarboxylic acids and other polar organic components, and for cellulose as a tracer for plant debris. Aerosol mass balances for the individual samples were constructed from the sum of following groups: Humidity (determined as weight loss at 100øC with a microthermobalance), ammonium sulfate, C1-and NOj, organic material, BC, and soil dust. On the average, the fit between the sum of the determined groups of components and the gravimetrically determined mass was within 6%, whereas deviations ranged for individual samples from -12 to +27% relative to the gravimetrically determined mass. The main component in aerosol was soil dust (36%), followed by organic material (28%), and ammonium sulfate (27%). Humidity was 6%, BC was 2%, and C1-and NOj were i% of aerosol mass. The low BC/TC ratio of 0.09 indicated little influence from combustion sources. The diurnal trend of the BC/TC ratio of 0.06 during day and 0.14 during night indicated a daytime source for organic components with no BC associated. As there were no industrial or other anthropogenic sources evident, the daytime source of organic components is assumed to be gas-particle conversion from biogenic emissions. Plant debris and organic acids were the major analytically accessible groups; however, together they form only 7.2% of the carbonaceous material. With 0.4% other polar organics and 5.7% BC in this group, 86.7% of the carbonaceous material remains unidentified. In this work we present a detailed mass balance of the atmospheric aerosol of a biogenically dominated southern African site for "nonburning" conditions. The balance includes organic and elemental carbon as well as aerosol humidity. In addition to ion and elemental analysis, we apply a combination of thermal methods originally proposed by Puxbaum [1979a, 1979b]

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Reduction of the Positive Organic Artifact on Quartz Filters

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler

Development and Evaluation of a Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler

PM₁₀and PM_2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley

Mass balance of the atmospheric aerosol in a South African subtropical savanna (Nylsvley, May 1997)

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Reduction of the Positive Organic Artifact on Quartz Filters

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler

Development and Evaluation of a Personal Particulate Organic and Mass Sampler

PM10and PM2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley

Mass balance of the atmospheric aerosol in a South African subtropical savanna (Nylsvley, May 1997)

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PM₁₀and PM_2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley