Reduction of toxic gliadin content of wholegrain bread by the enzyme caricain

Application of the rat liver lysosome assay to determining the reduction of toxic gliadin content during breadmaking

“…The detoxification of the enzyme treated bread was estimated to be 82%, which compares with the figure of 97% detoxification (relative to the control) obtained in the immunoassay of the same sample (Buddrick et al, 2015). Surprisingly, there seems to have been some detoxification during processing of the untreated bread sample as 26% detoxification was indicated for this sample.…”

“…The immunoassay results of our previous work (Buddrick et al, 2015) not only point to the potential of gliadin in initiating a damaging immune response in patients with CD but indicate that this response could be greatly reduced by treatment of the bread dough with enriched caricain without undue effects on bread quality. This current work confirms the value of caricain in studies of toxicity in CD, since it was shown that gluten has a damaging effect on human lysosomes (Riecken, Stewart, Booth, & Pearse, 1966).…”

“…Since then, the value of caricain extracts has been demonstrated in a clinical trial on patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (Zebrowska et al, 2014) a disease also involving a susceptibility to gluten, but which manifests itself in the form of a skin rash, blisters and itchiness (Fry, 1992;Kotze, 2013). The present work follows experiments (Buddrick, Cornell, & Small, 2015) in which it was shown that an enriched caricain preparation was able to considerably reduce the amount of immunoactive gliadin in wholemeal bread by allowing it to react in the dough during proofing. Accordingly, the purpose of the studies reported here has been to evaluate whether a corresponding reduction in toxic gliadin might be observed using the lysosome assay, which has been used in many of our previous studies for testing detoxification of gliadin by enzymes (Cornell, Doherty, & Stelmasiak, 2010;Cornell & Stelmasiak, 2011).…”

“…The procedure was based on that previously described (Buddrick et al, 2015). A column (3.2 Â 20 cm) of CM Sephadex C-50 (Pharmacia, Sweden) was equilibrated with 0.02 mol/L phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 4.6 in a cold room at 5°C.…”

Enzyme Therapy that Can Digest the Toxic Motifs of Gluten as an Aid in the Management of Celiac Disease

“…The deficient enzyme was determined to be an endopeptidase, which, if present, would digest the toxic gluten peptides into harmless fragments. This finding is supported by a bread baking study where addition of endopeptidase (caricain) to the dough reduced toxicity of gluten by more than 90% [9]. Caricain is the active ingredient of an enzyme preparation recently developed and now available in Australia as aid for the digestion of gluten.…”