REE Characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Limestone Succession in Gümüşhane, NE Turkey: Implications for Ocean Paleoredox Conditions and Diagenetic Alteration

Özyurt, Merve; Kırmacı, M. Ziya; Al‐Aasm, Ihsan S.; Hollis, Cathy; Taşlı, Kemal; Kandemir, Raif

doi:10.3390/min10080683

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cu can replace Ca under suitable conditions during limestone deposition (Smrzka et al 2019;Tribovillard et al 2006). The exceptionally low contents of these elements suggest that Avroman limestones have not been exposed to intense weathering and hydrothermal activities and that the low content of Zr and Y is related to lower siliciclastic impurities in the studied limestones (Graf 1960;Javid et al 2018;Özyurt et al 2020). Although the exact reason for U and Y abundances in carbonate rocks is yet unknown, they are primarily controlled by clastic and carbonate components (McLennan (Taylor and McLennan 1985) et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Major, trace, rare earth element, and stable isotope analyses of the Triassic carbonates along the northeastern Arabian Plate margin: a key to understanding paleotectonics and paleoenvironment of the Avroman (Biston) limestone formation from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq

Mirza

Karim

Ridha

et al. 2021

Carbonates Evaporites

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The Triassic carbonate rocks on the Avroman mountain, Halabja area, consist of massive gray-dark gray-colored detrital and biogenic limestones, that are stratigraphically represented by the Avroman formation in Iraq and Biston formation in Iran. This study focused on the tectonic setting and environmental conditions during the deposition of the formation using major and trace element and rare earth element (REE) analyses, along with their carbon and oxygen isotope data. The geochemical results are substantiated by field and petrographic studies, and extensive literature reviews. The study indicates that the limestones dominantly consist of CaO, followed by MgO, and minor quantities of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , suggesting a predominantly calcite mineral phase and absence of dolomitization. The negligible amounts of the latter two oxides is possibly due to the lack of siliciclastic input during limestone depostion. Among the trace elements, strontium reported the highest concentrations while displaying a negative correlation with CaO due to the low terrigenous fraction content. Other trace elements such as Ni, Cr, V, Sc, Rb, Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, U, and Th occur in minor concentrations. The low concentration of uranium (0.0-4.0) and authigenic uranium (average total U − Th/3 value = 0.39), along with a positive value of Mn* indicate depostion from normal seawaters under oxic conditions. The enrichment of heavy REE (HREE) over the light REE (LREE), with negative Ce anomaly and slightly positive Eu and Y anomalies further indicate their precipitation from the seawaters. The negative correlation of ΣREE with Al 2 O 3 FeO, TiO 2 , Cr Ni, and Sc, and a positive correlation with CaO and Y suggest extremely low contribution of terrigenous siliciclastic sediments and the absence of hydrothermal alterations during limestone precipitation. The δ 18 O and δ 13 C values for the four carbonate rocks from Avroman formation varied in the ranges − 3.53 to − 3.02‰ (average − 3.34‰) and 1.15-1.65 (average 1.39‰), respectively. The bivariate plot of δ 18 O and δ 13 C suggests that the majority of these carbonates are marine limestones. The Rb-Sr-Ba, La/Sc vs. Ti/Zr, and Sr/Rb vs. Sr/Ba plots categorize the Avroman limestones as carbonates of the continental margin with a tectonic setting relatively far away from igneous activities. Based on the above facts, a tectonic and paleogeographic model was constructed for the formation and was combined with the northeastern Arabian Plate margin, which bordered the Neo-Tethys ocean in the northwest during Triassic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Major, trace, rare earth element, and stable isotope analyses of the Triassic carbonates along the northeastern Arabian Plate margin: a key to understanding paleotectonics and paleoenvironment of the Avroman (Biston) limestone formation from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq

Mirza

Karim

Ridha

et al. 2021

Carbonates Evaporites

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“…Rare earth elements (REEs) have been commonly utilized for the reconstruction of a paleoenvironmental history of ancient seawater [88][89][90], diagenetic alteration, and the temperature of fluids precipitating carbonate minerals [70]. REE can also provide about the relative water depth and the proximity to hydrothermal sources [91].…”

Section: Major Minor and Ree Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diagenetic Alterations on Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Water Aquifers

2022

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Cover image courtesy of Howri Mansurbeg © 2022 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.

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“…Rare earth elements (REEs) have been commonly utilized for the reconstruction of a paleoenvironmental history of ancient seawater [88][89][90], diagenetic alteration, and the temperature of fluids precipitating carbonate minerals [70]. REE can also provide information about the relative water depth and the proximity to hydrothermal sources [91].…”

Section: Major Minor and Ree Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also shows, similarly to D1 and D2, slightly different patterns compared to Warm water Brachiopod's pattern with both negative La and Ce anomalies. High Eu*, high La/YbN* and Y/Ho can indicate interaction with hydrothermal fluids [90].…”

Section: Major Minor and Ree Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dolomitization of Paleozoic Successions, Huron Domain of Southern Ontario, Canada: Fluid Flow and Dolomite Evolution

Al‐Aasm

Crowe

Tortola

2021

Water

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Integrated petrographic, isotopic, fluid inclusion microthermometry, and geochemical analyses of Paleozoic carbonate successions from multiple boreholes within the Huron Domain, southern Ontario were conducted to characterize the diagenetic history and fluid composition, on a regional scale, and evaluate the nature and origin of dolomitized beds. Multiple generations of non-stochiometric dolomite have been observed. These dolomites occur as both replacement (D1 and D2) and cement (saddle dolomite; SD) and formed either at near-surface to shallow burial zone (D1) or intermediate burial (D2 and SD). Petrographic and geochemical data of dolomite types and calcite cement suggest that these carbonates have experienced multiple fluid events that affected dolomite formation and other diagenetic processes. Cambrian and Ordovician strata have two possibly isolated diagenetic fluid systems; an earlier fluid system that is characterized by a pronounced negative shift in oxygen and carbon isotopic composition, more radiogenic Sr ratios, warm and saline signatures, higher average ∑REE compared to warm water marine brachiopods, negative La anomaly, and positive Ce anomaly; and a later Ordovician system, characterized by less negative shifts in oxygen and carbon isotopes, comparable Th, hypersaline, a less radiogenic, less negative La anomaly, and primarily positive Ce anomaly but also higher average ∑REE compared to warm water marine brachiopods. Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian Sr isotopic ratios, however, show seawater composition of their respective age as the primary source of diagenetic fluids with minor rock/water interactions. In contrast, the isotopic data of the overlying Silurian and Devonian carbonates show overlaps between δ13C and δ18O values. However, δ18O values show evidence of dolomite recrystallization. D2 shows wide Th values and medium to high salinity values. Higher Th and salinity are observed in SD in the Silurian carbonates, which suggest the involvement of localized fluxes of hydrothermal fluids during its formation during Paleozoic orogenesis. Geochemical proxies suggest that in both age groups the diagenetic fluids were originally of coeval seawater composition, subsequently modified via water-rock interaction possibly related to brines, which were modified by the dissolution of Silurian evaporites from the Salina series. The integration of the obtained data in the present study demonstrates the linkage between fluid flux history, fluid compartmentalization, and related diagenesis during the regional tectonic evolution of the Michigan Basin.

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REE Characteristics of Lower Cretaceous Limestone Succession in Gümüşhane, NE Turkey: Implications for Ocean Paleoredox Conditions and Diagenetic Alteration

Cited by 39 publications

References 104 publications

Major, trace, rare earth element, and stable isotope analyses of the Triassic carbonates along the northeastern Arabian Plate margin: a key to understanding paleotectonics and paleoenvironment of the Avroman (Biston) limestone formation from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq

Major, trace, rare earth element, and stable isotope analyses of the Triassic carbonates along the northeastern Arabian Plate margin: a key to understanding paleotectonics and paleoenvironment of the Avroman (Biston) limestone formation from Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq

Effects of Diagenetic Alterations on Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Water Aquifers

Dolomitization of Paleozoic Successions, Huron Domain of Southern Ontario, Canada: Fluid Flow and Dolomite Evolution

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