Reed canary-grass ash composition and its melting behaviour during combustion

Paulrud, Susanne; Nilsson, Carl-Axel; Öhman, Marcus

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00003-5

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When visually assessing the bottom ash after the combustion trials the ash of foliage pellets could be categorized as low-slagging while grass was categorized as high-slagging with large parts of the bottom ash still being in the shape of pellets (Figure 5a-c). Bottom ash still being the shape of pellets was also observed by Paulrud et al [19] after burning reed-canary-grass pellets with ash content >7%. Table 3.…”

Section: Ash Melting Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…However, Paulrud et al [19] observed lower melting temperature than what was predicted by a similar standardized ash melting test (ASTM D1857-87 [38]). This could explain why slagging was observed for all three fuels even though their respective DT was not reached according to the temperature sensors.…”

Section: Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of several types of small-scale boilers with pellets from agricultural residues have been studied previously [19][20][21]. For that purpose the densification of upgraded raw material into either pellets or briquettes is desirable depending on the requirements of the boiler type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foliage and Grass as Fuel Pellets–Small Scale Combustion of Washed and Mechanically Leached Biomass

Khalsa

Döhling

Berger³

2016

Energies

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Abstract:The high contents of disadvantageous elements contained in non-woody biomass are known to cause problems during small and large scale combustion, typically resulting in a higher risk of slagging, corrosion, and increased emissions. Mechanically leaching the respective elements from the biomass through a sequence of process steps has proven to be a promising solution. The florafuel process used here is comprised of size reduction followed by washing and subsequent mechanical dewatering of the biomass. Densification of the upgraded biomass into standardized pellets (Ø 6mm) enables an application in existing small-scale boilers. The presented combustion trials investigated the performance of pellets made from leached grass, foliage and a mixture of both in two small-scale boilers (<100 kWth) with slightly different technology (moving grate versus water-cooled burner tube) during a 4-h measurement period. Emissions were in accordance with German emissions standards except for NO x (threshold is 0.50 g/m 3 ) in the case of pure grass pellets (0.51 g/m 3 ) and particulate matter (PM) in all but one case (foliage, 13-16 mg/m 3 ). An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) unit installed with one of the boilers successfully reduced PM emission of both the grass and mixture fuel below the threshold of 20 mg/m 3 (all emission values refer to 13 vol.% O 2 , at standard temperature and pressure (STP)). Bottom ash composition and grate temperature profiles were analyzed and discussed for one of the boilers.

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Section: Ash Melting Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foliage and Grass as Fuel Pellets–Small Scale Combustion of Washed and Mechanically Leached Biomass

Khalsa

Döhling

Berger³

2016

Energies

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“…Whereas the concentration of Si is about 150 mg/kg in wood stem, it is as high as 2,000 mg/kg in coniferous bark and 10,000 mg/kg in hardwood bark [44]. Si forms potassium silicates at high temperature, which reduces the combustion efficiency of wood pellets [45,46].…”

Section: Ash Content Ash Melting Point and Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives on Wood Pellet Physical and Thermal Characteristics: A Review

2013

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Additives play a major role in wood pellet characteristics and are a subject of major interest as they act as binding agents for the biomass raw material. Past research has reported the use of lignosulphonate, dolomite, starches, potato flour and peel, and some motor and vegetable oils as additives for wood pellet production. This paper reviews the available research on the effect of different additives on wood pellets' physical and thermal characteristics. It was found that lignosulphonate and starch additives improve the mechanical durability but tend to reduce the calorific value of the wood pellets. Motor and vegetable oil additives increase the calorific value minimally but significantly increase carbon monoxide emissions. Corn starch and dolomite additives also significantly increase carbon monoxide emissions. In order to produce wood pellets with desired physical and thermal characteristics, a suitable additive with the right biomass material should be used.

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“…As suggested by Vassilev et al (1995), this is most probably due to higher SiO 2 and K 2 O contents in them. As outlined in the literature (Baxter et al, 1998;Paulrud et al, 2001), herbaceous biomass fuels generally contain high concentrations of SiO 2 , K 2 O, and chlorine, and the alkali oxides appear to react with silica to form low melting alkali silicates. As shown in Table 4, the ashes of Vinca Rosea biomass components have slightly higher fusion temperatures than those of the same components of Sida plant species and this is expected to be linked with the increased content of SiO 2 in Vinca Rosea.…”

Section: Biomass Ash Fusion Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Some Forestry Non-woody Biomass Species and Estimation of Their Power Generation Potentials

Kumar

Patel

Hamid

2011

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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This article presents the results of proximate analyses, energy values, and ash fusion temperatures of different components of Sida Rhombifolia, Vinca Rosea, and Cyperus non-woody biomass species and their impact on decentralized power generation structure. Among all of the studied biomass species, the components of Sida Rhombifolia were found to have the highest energy values and fixed carbon contents. The results indicated highest energy values and fixed carbon contents for their stumps, followed by bark, branch, and leaf. Sida Rhombifolia and Vinca Rosea biomass ashes were tested for their fusion temperatures and the results obtained exhibited higher values (ST: 1,196-1,335 ı C and HT: 1,305-1,434 ı C), indicating safe combustion operation up to about 1,050 ı C with these biomass materials. The calculation results have shown that approximately 44, 52, and 82 hectares of land are required for energy plantations with Sida Rhombifolia, Vinca Rosea, and Cyperus biomass species in order to ensure a perpetual supply of electricity for a group of 10-15 villages. Altogether, it appears that Sida and Vinca Rosea biomass species may be exploited for energy plantations in wastelands and power generation either individually or in co-firing with locally available low-grade coals.

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Reed canary-grass ash composition and its melting behaviour during combustion

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Foliage and Grass as Fuel Pellets–Small Scale Combustion of Washed and Mechanically Leached Biomass

Foliage and Grass as Fuel Pellets–Small Scale Combustion of Washed and Mechanically Leached Biomass

Effect of Additives on Wood Pellet Physical and Thermal Characteristics: A Review

Characteristics of Some Forestry Non-woody Biomass Species and Estimation of Their Power Generation Potentials

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