Reemergence of Chloramphenicol Sensitivity in Enteric Fever

Abstract

Background: Enteric fever is a global health problem and rapidly developing resistance to various drugs makes the situation more alarming. Drug sensitivity in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A isolated from 45 blood culture positive cases of enteric fever was tested to determine in-vitro susceptibility pattern of prevalent strains in northern India. Methods: Strains isolated from 45 blood culture positive cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever over a period of three years were studied and their sensitivity patterns to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, amikacin and ofloxacin were analysed. Results: Our results show a high sensitivity of both Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (96%) and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A (100%) to chloramphenicol. Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and amikacin was 88% and 84% respectively. All the isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin, nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone. Sensitivity of Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A was 100% to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, 95% to amikacin and 30% to ampicillin. Overall 44 out of 45 isolates of Salmonellae were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Conclusion: These findings suggest changing pattern of antibiotic resistance in enteric fever with reemergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity in northern India. MJAFI 2007; 63 : 212-214

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolated from retail chicken meat and giblets in Iran

“…In this study, high antimicrobial resistance rates were found against nalidixic acid (92.8%), tetracycline (81%), trimethoprim (68.4%), sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (61.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), and kanamycin (36.9%). As in the present study, resistance to the above antibiotics have also been frequently reported in a number of other investigations on poultry products in Iran and other countries [12,[18][19][20]28,32,36,[45][46][47][48]. The Salmonella resistance rates to nalidixic acid (92.8%) and tetracycline (81%) found in this study were higher than resistance rates to other antimicrobials because of the overuse of these antimicrobials for treatment and growth promotion in different fields.…”

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella enterica Species in Blood Culture Isolates

“…Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and amikacin was 88% and 84% respectively ( Table 1). Sensitivity of Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A was 100% to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Nalidixic acid and Ceftriaxone, 95% to Amikacin and 30% to ampicillin [16]. Our result (Table 1 and 4) showed different comparable view (i.e.…”

The Use of Ceftriaxone Compared to Chloramphenicol in Typhoid Fever Treatment: an Evidence Based Case Report

“…Only one clinical trial was found from article searching and with the rise of microbial sensitivity to chloramphenicol in recent years [5][6][7][8][9] , more studies on this topic are needed to support this conclusion.…”

“…4 Other studies in India also showed a reemergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity in typhoid fever treatment. [5][6][7][8][9] The recommended dose of chloramphenicol is 2000 mg per day, divided to 4 dose orally or intravenous for at least 7 days. However, aside from bacteria resistance, chloramphenicol is known to induce bone marrow suppression.…”