Reemerging of natural infection by Trypanosoma evansi in horses in Arari, Marajó Island, Brazil

Silva, Josileide Araújo da; Domiciano, Tarcísio Oliveira; Montão, Daniele P.; Sousa, Paulo Geovani Silva; Ramos, Leandro Lopes; Paredes, L. J. A.; Monteiro, Sílvia González; Rivero, Gabriela Riet Correa; Scofield, Alessandra; Júnior, Pedro Bezerra; Bezerra, Isis Abel; Cerqueira, Valíria Duarte

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20160047

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Furthermore, the PCR incidence rate in buffaloes in this study was higer than 7.7% reported in buffaloes from Pakistan [26]. However the PCR incidence rate in this study was lower in horse (8.2% ) and cattle (36.49%) reported in horse from Marajo island Brazil [27] and cow in India [28] respectively. The variation in the T. evansi prevalence could be attributed to sample size, sampling technique and vector density in the study area [29].…”

Section: Figure 2 Percentage Catt/tevansi and Pcr Positive For T Evan...contrasting

confidence: 63%

Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in healthy horses, cattle and buffaloes in East Sumba: eight years after outbreak

Sawitri,

Wardhana

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Trypanosoma evansi is a widespread hemoflagellate parasite that causes surra (trypanosomiasis) in a variety of mammal species, including horses, cattle, and buffaloes. In 2010-2012, the greatest outbreak of surra in Indonesia occurred on one of Indonesia’s most remote islands, Sumba. This parasite has killed thousands of animals, particularly horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. evansi infection in healthy livestock (buffaloes, cattle, and horses) after the 8th outbreak in East Sumba using different methods, including serological test (CATT/T. evansi), parasitological test (WBF, Giemsa-stained blood smears (GSBS), and Microhematocrit Centrifugation Test (MHCT), and molecular method by PCR. The survey was conducted during the arid season, when the population of vectors was at its lowest. Blood samples were taken from 111 animals in three subdistricts in East Sumba (Lewa, Wulla Waijelu, and Kota Waingapu). Results revealed that the infection rate of livestock with T. evansi varies by animal species and detection methods. No positive sampel found by Micro Hematocrit Centrifugation Test (MHCT), wet blood film (WBF), and Giemza-stained blood smears (GSBS). The overall infection prevalence according CATT/T.evansi and PCR were 7.2%(8/111) and 5.4% (6/111); respectively. The infection rates by CATT T.evansi and PCR were as follows: horse, 0/57 (0%) and 1/57(1.75%); buffalo 5/23 (21.7%) and 13.04% (3/23); cattle, 3/31 (9.7%) and 2/31(6.45%); respectively. Buffalo and cattle have a higher prevalence of T. evansi compared to horses. The results of the present study indicate that cattle and buffalo may serve as a reservoir for T. evansi, which poses a high risk to horses due to the virulence of Surra when vector populations are abundant.

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Section: Figure 2 Percentage Catt/tevansi and Pcr Positive For T Evan...contrasting

confidence: 63%

Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in healthy horses, cattle and buffaloes in East Sumba: eight years after outbreak

Sawitri,

Wardhana

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…In South America, T. evansi was reported in horse, cattle, buffalo, dog and sheep. It is mainly characterized by acute, progressive and severe anemia in dogs and horses [36, 55–57]. The chronic form of the disease is characterized by intermittent fever, widespread subcutaneous edema, progressive anemia, blindness, lethargy, and hemostatic alterations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this region, surra in horses is called “mal de cadeiras”’, characterized by anemia, immunosuppression, emaciation, severe neurological signs and death of non-treated animals. Consequently, severe economic losses occur given that horses are of pivotal importance in cattle ranching activities [57–59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall pooled molecular prevalence in cattle was 16% with two publications about Nigeria where the pooled prevalence was 0% to the highest pooled prevalence observed in India (37%). Horses are considered very susceptible to surra, associated with acute disease and high mortality [55, 57], while donkeys and mules are less susceptible to develop the disease [3, 53, 85]. In this study, prevalence values for equine are estimated from studies in horse, donkey and mule.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSurra is an animal trypanosomosis, caused by infection with Trypanosoma evansi and leading to severe economic loss due to mortality and morbidity. Compared to tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomoses, little attention is given to the epidemiology and control of surra. Understanding its epidemiology is a first step in local and global efforts to control the disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies on distribution, host ranges and prevalence of T. evansi infection.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for publications on T. evansi that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Subsets of publications were subjected to meta-analysis for the pooled prevalence of T. evansi in various hosts as determined by multiple detection methods.ResultsA total of 272 references published between 1906–2017 were included. Trypanosoma evansi was reported from 48 countries; largely confined to Africa and Asia with publications on natural T. evansi infections from 77% (n = 48) of countries, contrasting with seven countries in South America, and four in Europe where T. evansi is not endemic but was imported with infected animals. Although surra is a notifiable disease, many countries do not report surra cases to OIE. Trypanosoma evansi was mainly reported from dromedary camels in Africa and the Middle East, water buffaloes, cattle, dogs and horses in East and Southeast Asia. In South America, the acute form of the disease was reported in horses and dogs. Surra was also reported in a wide range of wild animals. Some rare human cases occurred in India and Vietnam. Meta-analysis on a subset of 165 publications indicated pooled prevalence of T. evansi in domestic animals ranging from 14–31%, 6–28% and 2–9% using respectively antibody detection, molecular and parasitological tests, with camels as the most affected, followed by buffalo and cattle.ConclusionsThis study illustrates that T. evansi affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals in Africa, Asia and South America with highest prevalence observed in dromedary camels. For successful control of T. evansi, both locally and globally, the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of surra needs further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3311-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The prevalence and incidence depend on the host species and the vector activity. In horses, at population level, the prevalence is generally very low (Berlin et al, 2012), but at the farm level, the incidence can be very high within a short period of time during biting-insects season (Laha and Sasmal, 2009); however, in some highly enzootic areas in India and Latin America, prevalence can be high (Silva et al, 1995b;Jaiswal et al, 2015;Da Silva et al, 2016). In camels, prevalence might reach 20-70% (OIE, online).…”

Section: Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Trypanosoma evansi infections (including Surra)

More¹,

Bøtner²,

Butterworth³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Trypanosoma evansi infections (including Surra) have been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of T. evansi infections (including Surra) to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of T. evansi infections (including Surra) according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to T. evansi infections (including Surra). The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, it is inconclusive whether T. evansi infections (including Surra) can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL because there was no full consensus on the criterion 5 A(v). Consequently, the assessment on compliance of T. evansi infections (including Surra) with the criteria as in sections 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (d) and (e) of Article 9(1) is also inconclusive, as well as which animal species can be considered to be listed for T. evansi infections (including Surra) according to Article 8(3) of the AHL. Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank Marc Desquesnes and Philippe B € uscher for the support provided to this scientific output.

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Reemerging of natural infection by Trypanosoma evansi in horses in Arari, Marajó Island, Brazil

Abstract: Two outbreaks of trypanosomiasis by

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in healthy horses, cattle and buffaloes in East Sumba: eight years after outbreak

Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in healthy horses, cattle and buffaloes in East Sumba: eight years after outbreak

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Trypanosoma evansi infections (including Surra)

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