Reestablishment of Recipient-associated Microbiota in the Lung Allograft Is Linked to Reduced Risk of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

Abstract

Recolonization of the allograft by Pseudomonas in individuals with cystic fibrosis is not associated with BOS. In general, reestablishment of pretransplant lung populations in the allograft seems to have a protective effect against BOS, whereas de novo acquisition of microbial populations often belonging to the same genera may increase the risk of BOS.

Models of Lung Transplant Research: a consensus statement from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop

“…Because of the low-throughput nature of this surgery in mice and the relatively limited number of laboratories that successfully achieve consistent results, a significant opportunity for collaboration exists between groups to test their most promising mechanistic concepts in laboratories that regularly employ this technique. The contribution of the microbiome to host immunity is only beginning to be understood, and modulating the microbiome to be protective against CLAD is a promising area of research that will be facilitated by studies using the whole lung (133,134). Finally, there is currently an unmet need for new models of RAS, an increasingly recognized manifestation of CLAD.…”

Multicenter Comparison of Lung and Oral Microbiomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Individuals

“…Although bacterial taxa in the lung closely resemble those of the upper airway from the oropharynx (5), there seem to be differences between the mouth and the lungs in both health and disease (6,7). A growing body of literature documents changes in the microbiome that occur during pulmonary disease processes, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8)(9)(10)(11), bronchiectasis (12), asthma (13)(14)(15), lung transplantation (16)(17)(18)(19), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (20,21), and cystic fibrosis (22,23).…”

The Microbiome, Systemic Immune Function, and Allotransplantation

“…Willner et al examined the relationship between lung transplant outcomes and the BAL fluid microbiome by 16S rRNA sequencing in a subset of cystic fibrosis patients. In those recipients who maintained the pretransplant colonizing flora in the posttransplant period, including those with Pseudomonas, there was a statistically significant decrease in BOS after lung transplantation (91). Conversely, colonization with new, pathogenic bacteria was associated with BOS (91).…”