Reestruturação estratégica e gentrificação em Belo Horizonte: novo cenário, velhas medidas

Abstract

Resumo As políticas urbanas implementadas pelo poder público, em articulação com o capital privado, a fim de consolidar o papel das cidades no cenário de competição interurbana, nem sempre ampliam o acesso dos cidadãos às funções sociais da cidade. As práticas do urbanismo neoliberal acarretam, por vezes, a intensificação da desigualdade e da segregação socioespacial. O artigo busca avaliar o processo de reestruturação econômico-espacial de Belo Horizonte. As intervenções incluem obras públicas de infraestrutura e de serviços, influindo na valorização fundiária, na apropriação do espaço pelo capital e na expulsão da população vulnerável. O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar se as intervenções realizadas pelo poder público deram início à gentrificação da região de Venda Nova, em Belo Horizonte. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de levantamento para evidenciar a dinâmica da elitização do espaço. Os resultados, em diferentes aspectos de análise, demonstram significativas alterações na estrutura socioeconômica e no ambiente construído da região, caracterizadoras da gentrificação. A pesquisa, ao fazer uma análise da gentrificação, a partir da base de dados cadastrais imobiliários do município, pretende trazer uma contribuição importante para os estudos empíricos sobre como o fenômeno se aplica à realidade urbana brasileira.

Race and Space in the Postcolony: A Relational Study on Urban Planning Under Racial Capitalism in Brazil and South Africa

“…The Vila Viva project encompassed a series of urban interventions, including infrastructure, housing, and land regulation, and was implemented in 12 different informal settlements in Belo Horizonte (around 165,000 thousand residents were directly impacted). Other projects were simultaneously implemented, such as the Northern corridor, which included mobility and new developments to steer the expansion of the city northward (Diniz and da Silva 2019), and large social housing projects under MCMV, such as Izidora (Franzoni 2018). A brief description of those various initiatives prompts the contradiction of the developmentalism present in national policies and the neoliberal urban strategies that followed a global pattern: local flexibilization of urban legislation, private use of public investment, massive evictions (fostered by mega projects), and increased criminalization of resistance (Franzoni 2018).…”

Extensive African Urbanization: The Case of the Mozambican Periphery

“…housing problem of senior state officials and a group with rising purchasing power 3 . These have been used since the 2000s, symbols of consumption of the real estate machine.…”

“…Ten years after the end of the civil war, the country was becoming safe to attract workers and international capital. In this phase, the transition 3 To see: http://hikersbay.com/africa/mozambique/hotel/mz/condominio-veloso.html?lang=pt. 4 To see:https://www.jumia.co.mz/arrenda-se-moradia-t4-no-condominio-khurula-pid6726355.…”

“…Three geographic objects, among many others, can illustrate the transformations of the built environment of the Mozambican urban peripheries: the duplexes -highend properties composed of two floors interconnected by stairs [1]; elegant houses, which we call houses, real "Mozambican palaces" and closed condominiums [2]. These urban transformations are influenced by the increase in individual income, ease of acquisition of space and construction material (provided by the expansion of the establishment for acquisition that makes it cheaper), which change the existing residential landscape and restructure the peripheries, valuing, making it more attractive and promoting its insertion in the urban market, causing negative impacts related to processes of gentrification and socio-spatial segregation [3].…”

“…To use the words of Diniz and Silva [3], the ennoblement of the urban periphery occurs through two social substitution processes, linked to urban rehabilitation actions through private investments and culminating in the expulsion of the former residents. The first that goes from 1990 to 2000, when the low-income population left the central areas of the main cities, to the peripheries.…”